{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T02:50:20Z","timestamp":1794365420607,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6857,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220s","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,22]],"date-time":"2018-01-22T06:51:54Z","timestamp":1516603914000},"page":"1220S-1224S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Safety of Soy-Based Infant Formulas Containing Isoflavones: The Clinical Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Russell J.","family":"Merritt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda H.","family":"Jenks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib1","first-page":"496","article-title":"The soy bean in infant feeding: Preliminary report","volume":"26","author":"Ruhr\u00e4h","year":"1909","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1929.02710130025008","article-title":"A soy bean food preparation for feeding infants with milk idiosyncrasy","volume":"93","author":"Hill","year":"1929","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib3","first-page":"74","article-title":"Protein quality evaluation by protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scoring","volume":"48","author":"Henley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Food Technol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.1.148","article-title":"Soy protein-based formulas: Recommendations for use in infant feeding","volume":"101","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib5","unstructured":"Infant Formula Act of 1980. Public Law 96\u2013359."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib6","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition (1988) Clinical Testing of Infant Formulas With Respect to Nutritional Suitability for Term Infants American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70249-0","article-title":"Soy allergy in infants and children with IgE-associated cow's milk allergy","volume":"134","author":"Zeiger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib8","first-page":"19","article-title":"Soy protein\u2014another cause of flat intestinal lesion","volume":"October","author":"Ament","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pediatr. Digest"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib9","first-page":"181","article-title":"Allergic colitis","volume":"1","author":"Lake","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib10","unstructured":"Working Group on Phytoestrogens and Health (2003) International policy on soy-based infant formula. In: Phytoestrogens and Health. Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment, pp. 357\u2013360. Crown Copyright, London, UK."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1301\/nr.2003.janr.1-33","article-title":"Soy isoflavones: a safety review","volume":"61","author":"Munro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badger, T. M., Ronis, M.J.J., Hakkak, R. & Korourian, S. (2002) The health consequences of soy infant formula, soy protein isolate, and isoflavones. In: Phytoestrogens and Health (Gilani, G. S. & Anderson, J.J.B., eds.). AOCS Press, Champaign, IL.","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.3.559S"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09480-9","article-title":"Exposure of infants to phyto-oestrogens from soy-based infant formula","volume":"350","author":"Setchell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.6.1453S","article-title":"Isoflavone content of infant formulas and the metabolic fate of these phytoestrogens in early life","volume":"68","author":"Setchell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.6.955","article-title":"Daidzein and genistein concentrations in human milk after soy consumption","volume":"42","author":"Franke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01748.x","article-title":"Isoflavones, soy-based infant formulas, and relevance to endocrine function","volume":"56","author":"Klein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib17","unstructured":"Fomon, S. J. & Ziegler, E. E. (1992) Isolated soy protein in infant feeding. In: New Protein Foods in Human Health: Nutrition, Prevention, and Therapy (Steinke, F. H., Waggle, D. H. & Volgarev, M. N., eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289903801001","article-title":"Growth of newborn, term infants fed soy formulas for one year","volume":"38","author":"Lasekan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.7.807","article-title":"Exposure to soy-based formula in infancy and endocrinological and reproductive outcomes in young adulthood","volume":"286","author":"Strom","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1994.10718407","article-title":"Growth and protein status of term infants fed soy protein formulas differing in protein content","volume":"13","author":"Churella","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1998.d01-517.x","article-title":"Soy protein formula","volume":"34","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80206-3","article-title":"Vitamin D metabolism, mineral homeostasis, and bone mineralization in term infants fed human milk, cow milk-based formula, or soy-based formula","volume":"112","author":"Hillman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83415-8","article-title":"Bone mineralization in the first year of life in infants fed human milk, cow-milk formula, or soy-based formula","volume":"122","author":"Mimouni","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib24","first-page":"1302","article-title":"Bone mineral metabolism in full-term infants fed human milk, cow milk-based, and soy-based formulas","volume":"146","author":"Venkataraman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Dis. Child"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354S","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2001.10719168","article-title":"Soy isoflavones\u2013benefits and risks from nature's selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)","volume":"20","author":"Setchell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-2300(03)00091-6","article-title":"A model to estimate the oestrogen receptor mediated effects from exposure to soy isoflavones in food","volume":"38","author":"Safford","year":"2003","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib27","unstructured":"Clark, J. H. (1998) Female reproductive and toxicology of estrogen. In: Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology (Korach, K. S., ed.), pp. 259\u2013276. Marcel Dekker, New York."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00284-3","article-title":"Effect of human dietary exposure levels of genistein during gestation and lactation on long-term reproductive development and sperm quality in mice","volume":"41","author":"Fielden","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000046780.23389.e0","article-title":"Exposure to genistein during gestation and lactation demasculinizes the reproductive system in rats","volume":"169","author":"Wisniewski","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Urol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib30","first-page":"4325","article-title":"Uterine adenocarcinoma in mice treated neonatally with genistein","volume":"61","author":"Newbold","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib31","first-page":"S169","article-title":"No oetrogens hormonal effects in long-term soy formula fed children","volume":"103","author":"Businco","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(96)80489-1","article-title":"Association of mid-life consumption of tofu with late life cognitive impairment and dementia: The Honolulu-Asia aging study","volume":"17","author":"White","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540120033030","article-title":"Prevalence of dementia in older Japanese-American men in Hawaii: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study","volume":"276","author":"White","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2000.10718923","article-title":"Brain aging and midlife tofu consumption","volume":"19","author":"White","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100845","article-title":"Eating soya improves human memory","volume":"157","author":"File","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(01)00197-0","article-title":"Neurobehavioral effects of dietary soy phytoestrogens","volume":"24","author":"Lephart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3732(97)00044-1","article-title":"Does breast-feeding influence intelligence quotients at 9 and 10 years of age?","volume":"50","author":"Malloy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7616","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.102650199","article-title":"The phytoestrogen genistein induces thymic and immune changes: a human health concern?","volume":"99","author":"Yellayi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90004-1","article-title":"Diet and antibody response to vaccinations in healthy infants","volume":"2","author":"Zoppi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198201020-00005","article-title":"Immunocompetence and dietary protein intake in early infancy","volume":"1","author":"Zoppi","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442786","article-title":"Gammaglobulin level and soy-protein intake in early infancy","volume":"131","author":"Zoppi","year":"1979","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1990.tb00011.x","article-title":"Response to poliovirus immunization and type of feeding in babies of atopic families","volume":"1","author":"Businco","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200202000-00007","article-title":"Immune status of infants fed soy-based formulas with or without added nucleotides for 1 year: part 1: vaccine responses, and morbidity","volume":"34","author":"Ostrom","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200202000-00008","article-title":"Immune status of infants fed soy-based formulas with or without added nucleotides for 1 year: part 2: immune cell populations","volume":"34","author":"Cordle","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E5","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.6.e5","article-title":"A longitudinal analysis of infant morbidity and the extent of breastfeeding in the United States","volume":"99","author":"Scariati","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.2.343","article-title":"Breastfeeding and infant growth: biology or bias?","volume":"110","author":"Kramer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196006022622201","article-title":"Soybean goiter","volume":"262","author":"Shepard","year":"1960","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.24.5.752","article-title":"The effects of a soybean product on thyroid function in humans","volume":"24","author":"van Wyk","year":"1959","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196002182620707","article-title":"Occurrence of goiter in an infant on a soy diet","volume":"262","author":"Hydovitz","year":"1960","journal-title":"N Engl. J Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(97)00301-8","article-title":"Anti-thyroid isoflavones from soybean","volume":"54","author":"Divi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.3_Suppl.619S","article-title":"Soy protein, thyroid regulation and cholesterol metabolism","volume":"125","author":"Forsythe","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib52","unstructured":"Conrad, S. C., Chiu, H. T. & Silverman, B. L. (2000) Untoward effects of soy protein in thyroxine-treated congenital hypothyroidism. Abstract SPR."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib53","first-page":"148","article-title":"Persistent hypothyroidism in an infant receiving a soy formula: case report and review of the literature","volume":"96","author":"Chorazy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.86.2.73","article-title":"Optimisation of thyroxine dose in congenital hypothyroidism","volume":"86","author":"Hindmarsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1997.10718686","article-title":"Abnormal thyroid function tests in infants with congenital hypothyroidism: The influence of soy-based formula","volume":"16","author":"Jabbar","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1990.10720366","article-title":"Breast and soy-formula feedings in early infancy and the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease in children","volume":"9","author":"Fort","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316623027906?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316623027906?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jn\/article-pdf\/134\/5\/1220S\/24042530\/z4w005040s1220.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T23:19:41Z","timestamp":1751239181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316623027906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316623027906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220s","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Safety of Soy-Based Infant Formulas Containing Isoflavones: The Clinical Evidence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/134.5.1220S","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}