{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T10:54:31Z","timestamp":1793271271366,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6240,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299s","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T06:34:51Z","timestamp":1516084491000},"page":"299S-307S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Application of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Human Pathological States: Renal Failure ,"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"No\u00ebl JM","family":"Cano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Fouque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier M","family":"Leverve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib1","series-title":"Metabolic and therapeutic aspects of amino acids in clinical nutrition.","first-page":"557","article-title":"Branched-chain amino and keto acids in renal failure","author":"Cano","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib2","series-title":"Nutritional management of renal disease.","first-page":"241","article-title":"Influence of dietary protein intake on the progression of chronic renal insufficiency","author":"Fouque","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106562","article-title":"Renal handling of low molecular weight proteins. I. L-chain metabolism in experimental renal disease","volume":"50","author":"Mogielnicki","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1970.219.3.584","article-title":"Synthesis of serine by rat kidney in vivo and in vitro","volume":"219","author":"Pitts","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib5","series-title":"Handbook of physiology, Section 8: renal physiology. Vol. 2.","first-page":"2119","article-title":"Biochemical characterization of individual neprhon segments","author":"Guder","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib6","series-title":"Physiologie du rein et du milieu int\u00e9rieur.","first-page":"172","article-title":"R\u00e9gulation de l'\u00e9quilibre acido-basique","author":"Pitts","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib7","first-page":"F265","article-title":"Ammonia metabolism","volume":"235","author":"Tannen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib8","first-page":"445","article-title":"Amino acid metabolism in the kidney","volume":"10","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"1990","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib9","first-page":"S17","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acid metabolism in chronic renal failure","volume":"16","author":"Tizianello","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1986.9","article-title":"Regulation of glutamine metabolism in dog kidney in vivo","volume":"29","author":"Vinay","year":"1986","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1991.301","article-title":"Regulation of renal ammoniagenesis in metabolic acidosis","volume":"40","author":"Schoolwerth","year":"1991","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib12","first-page":"F1015","article-title":"Acute acidosis inhibits liver amino acid transport: no primary role for the urea cycle in acid-base balance","volume":"267","author":"Boon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F504","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00296.2003","article-title":"Differential regulation of branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase expression by glucocorticoids and acidification in LLC-PK1-GR101 cells","volume":"286","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/31.9.1660","article-title":"Valine metabolism in normal and chronically uremic man","volume":"31","author":"Jones","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib15","first-page":"S9","article-title":"Intracellular aminoacids in uremia","volume":"24","author":"Alvestrand","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kidney Int Supp."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1990.174","article-title":"Plasma and muscle free amino acids in maintenance hemodialysis patients without protein malnutrition","volume":"38","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m","year":"1990","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/45.4.737","article-title":"Altered plasma free and protein-bound sulfur amino acid levels in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis","volume":"45","author":"Smolin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a092079","article-title":"Essential branched-chain amino acids and alpha-ketoanalogues in haemodialysis patients","volume":"7","author":"Riedel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1989.113","article-title":"Plasma and muscle free amino acids during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis","volume":"35","author":"Lindholm","year":"1989","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00863441","article-title":"Intracellular amino acid concentrations in children with chronic renal insufficiency","volume":"10","author":"Kist-van Holthe tot Echten JHuijmans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1159\/000014431","article-title":"Plasma amino acid profile on nocturnal hemodialysis","volume":"18","author":"Raj","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/12.11.2397","article-title":"The influence of bicarbonate supplementation on plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids in haemodialysis patients with metabolic acidosis","volume":"12","author":"Kooman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib23","first-page":"258","article-title":"The influence of correction of acidosis on plasma level of branched-chain amino acids in chronic hemodialysis patients","volume":"40","author":"Kikuchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib24","first-page":"S77","article-title":"Effects of renal substitutive programs on amino acid patterns in chronic uremia","volume":"24","author":"Scolari","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib25","first-page":"1778","article-title":"Muscle and plasma amino acids and nutritional status in kidney-transplanted children","volume":"9","author":"Perfumo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib26","first-page":"S61","article-title":"The relationship between branched-chain amino acids and alpha-keto acids in blood in uremia","volume":"16","author":"Dalton","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1983.130","article-title":"Oral essential aminoacid and ketoacid supplements in children with chronic renal failure","volume":"24","author":"Jones","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib28","first-page":"236","article-title":"Metabolic conversion of alpha-keto valine to valine in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"23","author":"Arai","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.7.1660","article-title":"Blood levels of branched-chain amino acids and alpha-ketoacids in uremic patients given keto analogues of essential amino acids","volume":"33","author":"Schauder","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.4.807","article-title":"Branched-chain-ketoacid metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"50","author":"Walser","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib31","first-page":"25","article-title":"Peripheral metabolism of branched-chain keto acids in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"19","author":"Garibotto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Miner Electrolyte Metab."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.44.070175.004441","article-title":"Amino acid metabolism in man","volume":"44","author":"Felig","year":"1975","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607183007002163","article-title":"The physiologic and nutritional significance of plasma-free amino acid levels","volume":"7","author":"Abumrad","year":"1983","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108375","article-title":"Effect of protein ingestion on splanchnic and leg metabolism in normal man and in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"57","author":"Wahren","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.1.72","article-title":"Splanchnic exchange of amino acids after amino acid ingestion in patients with chronic renal insufficiency","volume":"48","author":"Deferrari","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.7.1354","article-title":"Amino acid metabolism and the liver in renal failure","volume":"33","author":"Tizianello","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/46.6.949","article-title":"Effect of amino acid ingestion on blood amino acid profile in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"46","author":"Garibotto","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000187317","article-title":"Effects of a Protein Meal on Blood Amino Acid Profile in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure","volume":"64","author":"Garibotto","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nephron."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.1.136","article-title":"Disposal of exogenous amino acids by muscle in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"62","author":"Garibotto","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0850445","article-title":"Effects of Acid Loading on Serum Amino Acid Profiles and Muscle Composition in Normal Fed Rats","volume":"85","author":"Cupisti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Sci."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1982.62.4.1193","article-title":"Interorgan amino acid nutrition","volume":"62","author":"Christensen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0690143","article-title":"Leg metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"69","author":"Deferrari","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.187","article-title":"Skeletal muscle protein synthesis and degradation in patients with chronic renal failure","volume":"45","author":"Garibotto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.7.1723","article-title":"The effect of uraemia, acidosis, and dialysis treatment on protein metabolism: a longitudinal leucine kinetic study","volume":"13","author":"Lim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib45","first-page":"E712","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acid metabolism in rat muscle: abnormal regulation in acidosis","volume":"252","author":"May","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V9101892","article-title":"Tissue-specific responses of branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase activity in metabolic acidosis","volume":"9","author":"Price","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112344","article-title":"Metabolic acidosis stimulates protein degradation in rat muscle by a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism","volume":"77","author":"May","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib48","first-page":"E668","article-title":"Glucocorticoids activate the ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic system in skeletal muscle during fasting","volume":"264","author":"Wing","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib49","first-page":"E396","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-mediated activation of alpha-keto acid deshydrogenase in vivo","volume":"252","author":"Block","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80976-0","article-title":"Metabolic consequences of uremia: extending the concept of adaptative responses to protein metabolism","volume":"23","author":"Mitch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C955","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1994.267.4.C955","article-title":"Acidosis and glucocorticoids concomitantly increase ubiquitin and proteasome subunit mRNAs in rat muscle","volume":"267","author":"Price","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2160523","article-title":"Glutamine synthtease activity of muscle in acidosis","volume":"216","author":"King","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biochem J."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77S","DOI":"10.1177\/014860719001400409","article-title":"Interorgan glutamine metabolism during acidosis","volume":"14","author":"Welbourne","year":"1990","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116477","article-title":"The effect of hemodialysis on protein metabolism. A leucine kinetic study","volume":"91","author":"Lim","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E37","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00240.2004","article-title":"Glutamine kinetics and protein turnover in end-stage renal disease","volume":"288","author":"Raj","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000085590.83005.A0","article-title":"Insulin is protein-anabolic in chronic renal failure patients","volume":"14","author":"Lim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib57","first-page":"S79","article-title":"Is amino acid imbalance harmful to patients in chronic renal failure?","volume":"17","author":"Tizianello","year":"1985","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.1.80","article-title":"A theoretical basis for increasing current estimates of the amino acid requirements in adult man, with experimental support","volume":"50","author":"Young","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/51.2.270","article-title":"Mechanisms and nutritional significance of metabolic responses to altered intakes of protein and amino acids with reference to nutritional adaptation in humans","volume":"51","author":"Young","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.230.1.94","article-title":"Amino acid assignment to one of the three blood-brain barrier amino acid carriers","volume":"230","author":"Oldendorf","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1981.168","article-title":"Brain metabolism of amino acids and ammonia in patients with chronic renal insufficiency","volume":"20","author":"Deferrari","year":"1981","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib62","series-title":"Advances in hepatic encephalopathy and urea cycle diseases.","first-page":"484","article-title":"Brain metabolism in uremia","author":"Deferrari","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(79)90397-8","article-title":"Studies of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma amino acids in patients with steady-state chronic renal failure","volume":"92","author":"Pye","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-973531","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid levels of amino acids in infants and young children with chronic renal failure","volume":"29","author":"Gerrits","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/108.7.1200","article-title":"The neurotoxicity of valine deficiency in rats","volume":"108","author":"Cusick","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1979.tb04510.x","article-title":"Interaction of leucine, glucose, and ketone metabolism in rat brain in vitro","volume":"32","author":"Palaiologos","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1979.tb00365.x","article-title":"The nature of amino acid pool used for protein synthesis in rat brain slices","volume":"32","author":"Reith","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02533565","article-title":"Lipogenesis in developping brain: utilization of radioactive leucine, isoleucine, octanoic acid and beta-hydroxybutyrique acid","volume":"14","author":"Dhopeshwarkar","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lipids."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1965.tb04238.x","article-title":"Regulation of cerebral metabolism of amino acids: IV. Influence of amino acid levels on leucine uptake, utilisation and incorporation into protein in vivo","volume":"12","author":"Roberts","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90306-8","article-title":"Glutamate as a CNS transmitter. I-Evaluation of glucose and glutamine as precursors for the synthesis of preferentially released glutamate","volume":"168","author":"Hamberger","year":"1979","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1991.243","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acid in chronic renal failure patients: respiratory and sleep effects","volume":"40","author":"Soreide","year":"1991","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.9.1856","article-title":"Oral supplementation of branched-chain amino acid improves nutritional status in elderly patients on chronic haemodialysis","volume":"16","author":"Hiroshige","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1982.51","article-title":"Anthropometry and plasma valine, amino acids, and proteins in the nutritional assessment of hemodialysis patients","volume":"21","author":"Young","year":"1982","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.1.61","article-title":"Malnutrition in long-term haemodialysis survivors","volume":"16","author":"Chazot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/52.4.726","article-title":"Perdialytic parenteral nutrition with lipids and amino-acids in malnourished hemodialysis patients","volume":"52","author":"Cano","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1054\/clnu.1999.0130","article-title":"ESPEN consensus on nutritional treatment of patients with renal insufficiency (Part 1 of 2)","volume":"19","author":"Toigo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1054\/clnu.2000.0129","article-title":"ESPEN consensus on nutritional treatment of patients with renal insufficiency (Part 2 of 2)","volume":"19","author":"Toigo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib78","first-page":"S17","article-title":"K\/DOQI, National Kidney Foundation. I. Adult guidelines. A. Maintenance dialysis","volume":"35","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib79","first-page":"S56","article-title":"K\/DOQI, National Kidney Foundation. I. Adult guidelines. B. Advanced chronic renal failure without dialysis","volume":"35","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib80","first-page":"S105","article-title":"K\/DOQI, National Kidney Foundation. II. Pediatric guidelines","volume":"35","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/014860718400800137","article-title":"Rationale and indications for the use of alpha-keto analogues","volume":"8","author":"Walser","year":"1984","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107229","article-title":"The effects of keto-analogues of essential amino acids in uremia","volume":"52","author":"Walser","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198409063111002","article-title":"The effect of a keto acid-amino acid supplement to a restricted diet on the progression of chronic renal failure","volume":"311","author":"Mitch","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0620285","article-title":"Intravenous infusion of alpha-oxoisocaproate: influence on amino acid and nitrogen metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"62","author":"Eriksson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib85","first-page":"S222","article-title":"Effects of ketoacids on liver glutathione and microsomal enzymes in malnourished rats","volume":"27","author":"Fouin-Fortunet","year":"1989","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1166","article-title":"Adaptation to low-protein diets in renal failure: leucine turnover and nitrogen balance","volume":"1","author":"Goodship","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00791.x","article-title":"Effects of dietary protein restriction on fibrinogen and albumin metabolism in nephrotic patients","volume":"60","author":"Giordano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1261249","article-title":"Adaptive response to a low-protein diet in predialysis chronic renal failure patients","volume":"12","author":"Bernhard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.157","article-title":"Adaptive responses to very low protein diets: the first comparison of ketoacids to essential amino acids","volume":"45","author":"Masud","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib90","first-page":"E668","article-title":"Long-term adaptive responses to dietary protein restriction in chronic renal failure","volume":"268","author":"Tom","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1159\/000185189","article-title":"Effect of a low-protein diet on urinary albumin excretion in uremic patients","volume":"50","author":"Aparicio","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nephron."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1986.36","article-title":"Effects of dietary protein intake on albumin homeostasis in nephrotic patients","volume":"29","author":"Kaysen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib93","first-page":"F1083","article-title":"Glomerular and hormonal responses to dietary protein intake in human renal disease","volume":"253","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.167","article-title":"Low protein diet in uremia: effects on glucose metabolism and energy production rate","volume":"51","author":"Rigalleau","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V391613","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in hemodialysis patients","volume":"3","author":"Goldwasser","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-6386(95)90176-0","article-title":"Markers for survival in dialysis: a seven-year prospective study","volume":"26","author":"Avram","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V7102169","article-title":"Early death in dialysis patients: risk factors and impact on incidence and mortality rates","volume":"7","author":"Soucie","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.20753","article-title":"Are supplemented low-protein diets nutritionally safe?","volume":"37","author":"Aparicio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912283212601","article-title":"The effect of protein restriction on the progression of renal insufficiency","volume":"321","author":"Ihle","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib100","first-page":"837","article-title":"Failure of dietary protein and phosphate restriction to retard the rate of progression of chronic renal failure: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"81","author":"Williams","year":"1991","journal-title":"Q J Med."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.395","article-title":"Effect of dietary protein restriction on nutritional status in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study","volume":"52","author":"Kopple","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1999.10718887","article-title":"Effects of severe protein restriction with ketoanalogues in advanced renal failure","volume":"18","author":"Malvy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70078-8","article-title":"Outcome of nutritional status and body composition of uremic patients on a very low protein diet","volume":"34","author":"Chauveau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V651379","article-title":"Survival on dialysis among chronic renal failure patients treated with a supplemented low-protein diet before dialysis","volume":"6","author":"Coresh","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1159\/000057352","article-title":"Effects of a supplemented very low protein diet in predialysis patients on the serum albumin level, proteinuria, and subsequent survival on dialysis","volume":"24","author":"Walser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Miner Electrolyte Metab."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V101110","article-title":"Can renal replacement be deferred by a supplemented very low protein diet?","volume":"10","author":"Walser","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V114708","article-title":"Nutrition and outcome on renal replacement therapy of patients with chronic renal failure treated by a supplemented very low protein diet","volume":"11","author":"Aparicio","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.12.1986","article-title":"Low protein diets delay end-stage renal disease in non-diabetic adults with chronic renal failure","volume":"15","author":"Fouque","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib109","first-page":"S67","article-title":"Comparison of ketoacids and low protein diet on advanced chronic renal failure progression","volume":"22","author":"Jungers","year":"1987","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199403313301301","article-title":"The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group","volume":"330","author":"Klahr","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V10112426","article-title":"Dietary protein restriction and the progression of chronic renal disease: what have all of the results of the MDRD study shown? Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study group","volume":"10","author":"Levey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2460S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.9.2460S","article-title":"Amino acid regulation of gene expression","volume":"131","author":"Jefferson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.887201","article-title":"Regulation of translation initiation by FRAP\/mTOR","volume":"15","author":"Gingras","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E824","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00085.2002","article-title":"Tissue-specific effects of chronic dietary leucine and norleucine supplementation on protein synthesis in rats","volume":"283","author":"Lynch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)81055-4","article-title":"The role of amino acids in the regulation of protein synthesis in perfused rat liver. II. Effects of amino acid deficiency on peptide chain initiation, polysomal aggregation, and distribution of albumin mRNA","volume":"257","author":"Flaim","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib116","first-page":"E513","article-title":"Oral amino acids stimulate muscle protein anabolism in the elderly despite higher first-pass splanchnic extraction","volume":"277","author":"Volpi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib117","first-page":"557","article-title":"Influence of essential amino acids and keto acids on protein metabolism and the anaemia of patients on chronic intermittent haemodialysis","volume":"14","author":"Neuhauser","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/31.10.1827","article-title":"Influence of essential amino acids and keto acids on protein metabolism and anemia of patients on intermittent hemodialysis","volume":"31","author":"Ulm","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/31.10.1821","article-title":"Treatment with essential amino acids in patients on chronic hemodialysis: a double blind cross-over study","volume":"31","author":"Hecking","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib120","first-page":"608","article-title":"Effect of essential amino acids (EAA) on chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients (PTS)","volume":"28","author":"Acchiardo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs."},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00112.x","article-title":"Randomized double-blind trial of oral essential amino acids for dialysis-associated hypoalbuminemia","volume":"57","author":"Eustace","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622080543?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622080543?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jn\/article-pdf\/136\/1\/299S\/23894953\/299s.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T14:03:01Z","timestamp":1686578581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316622080543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316622080543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299s","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Application of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Human Pathological States: Renal Failure,","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/136.1.299S","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}