{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T19:52:17Z","timestamp":1787601137829,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,26]],"date-time":"2020-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008090","name":"Tufts University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AID-OAA-L-10-00006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AID-OAA-L-10-00006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24DK104676"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24DK104676"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2P30 DK040561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2P30 DK040561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]],"date-time":"2020-04-27T19:29:55Z","timestamp":1588015795000},"page":"2175-2182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Markers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Are Associated with Poor Growth and Iron Status in Rural Ugandan Infants"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Jacqueline M","family":"Lauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shibani","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne M","family":"Ausman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Bashaasha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Agaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence M","family":"Turyashemererwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao Q","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T","family":"Gewirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Erhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher P","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib1","first-page":"76","article-title":"WHO Child Growth Standards based on length\/height, weight and age.","volume":"450","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib2","series-title":"Levels and trends in child malnutrition: key findings of the 2019 edition of the Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates.","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9608","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61690-0","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences.","volume":"371","author":"Black","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9694","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60950-8","article-title":"Child undernutrition, tropical enteropathy, toilets, and handwashing.","volume":"374","author":"Humphrey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet North Am Ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0549","article-title":"Fecal markers of intestinal inflammation and permeability associated with the subsequent acquisition of linear growth deficits in infants.","volume":"88","author":"Kosek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001147","article-title":"Environmental enteric dysfunction in children.","volume":"63","author":"Syed","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0743","article-title":"Enteropathies in the developing world: neglected effects on global health.","volume":"86","author":"Prendergast","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.04.007","article-title":"Environmental enteropathy: critical implications of a poorly understood condition.","volume":"18","author":"Korpe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651303400308","article-title":"Implications of acquired environmental enteric dysfunction for growth and stunting in infants and children living in low-and middle-income countries.","volume":"34","author":"Keusch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"issue":"9610","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61693-6","article-title":"What works? Interventions formaternal and child undernutrition and survival.","volume":"371","author":"Bhutta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib11","first-page":"309","article-title":"Association of vitamin A and zinc status with altered intestinal permeability: analyses of cohort data from northeastern Brazil.","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy245","article-title":"Zinc absorption from micronutrient powders is low in Bangladeshi toddlers at risk of environmental enteric dysfunction and may increase dietary zinc requirements.","volume":"149","author":"Long","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181da44dc","article-title":"Perturbed zinc homeostasis in rural 3-5-y-old Malawian children is associated with abnormalities in intestinal permeability attributed to tropical enteropathy.","volume":"67","author":"Manary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0187761","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187761","article-title":"Immunogenicity of rotavirus vaccine (RotarixTM) in infants with environmental enteric dysfunction.","volume":"12","author":"Mwape","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2018-0016","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between environmental enteric dysfunction and oral vaccine responses.","volume":"13","author":"Church","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.09.036","article-title":"Environmental enteropathy, oral vaccine failure and growth faltering in infants in Bangladesh.","volume":"2","author":"Naylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006205","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006205","article-title":"Environmental enteric dysfunction pathways and child stunting: a systematic review.","volume":"12","author":"Harper","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS NeglTrop Dis"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.02.024","article-title":"Causal Pathways from enteropathogens to environmental enteropathy: findings from the MAL-ED Birth Cohort Study.","volume":"18","author":"Kosek","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1332","article-title":"Growth faltering in rural Gambian infants is associated with impaired small intestinal barrier function, leading to endotoxemia and systemic inflammation.","volume":"133","author":"Campbell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86928","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086928","article-title":"Stunting is characterized by chronic inflammation in Zimbabwean infants.","volume":"9","author":"Prendergast","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119207","article-title":"Interleukin 6 causes growth impairment in transgenic mice through a decrease in insulin-like growth factor-I. A model for stunted growth in children with chronic inflammation.","volume":"99","author":"De Benedetti","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S213","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu541","article-title":"Use of the lactulose to mannitol ratio to evaluate childhood environmental enteric dysfunction: a systematic review.","volume":"59","author":"Denno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200408000-00005","article-title":"Intestinal inflammation measured by fecal neopterin in Gambian children with enteropathy: association with growth failure, Giardia lamblia, and intestinal permeability.","volume":"39","author":"Campbell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.131409","article-title":"Elevations in serum anti-flagellin and anti-LPS Igs are related to growth faltering in young Tanzanian children.","volume":"103","author":"McDonald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R402","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00650.2007","article-title":"Detectable serum flagellin and lipopolysaccharide and upregulated anti-flagellin and lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulins in human short bowel syndrome.","volume":"294","author":"Ziegler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.03.046","article-title":"Antibodies to CBir1 flagellin define a unique response that is associated independently with complicated Crohn's disease.","volume":"128","author":"Targan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G403","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00357.2004","article-title":"Elevated flagellin-specific immunoglobulins in Crohn's disease.","volume":"288","author":"Sitaraman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy176","article-title":"Biomarkers of maternal environmental enteric dysfunction are associated with shorter gestation and reduced length in newborn infants in Uganda.","volume":"108","author":"Lauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8772","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91772-M","article-title":"Intestinal permeability, mucosal injury, and growth faltering in Gambian infants.","volume":"338","author":"Lunn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182650a4d","article-title":"Abnormal gut integrity is associated with reduced linear growth in rural Malawian children.","volume":"55","author":"Weisz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0158772","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158772","article-title":"Biomarkers of environmental enteropathy, inflammation, stunting, and impaired growth in children in Northeast Brazil.","volume":"11","author":"Guerrant","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517003683","article-title":"Environmental enteric dysfunction and systemic inflammation predict reduced weight but not length gain in rural Bangladeshi children.","volume":"119","author":"Campbell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0098","article-title":"Fecal markers of environmental enteropathy and subsequent growth in Bangladeshi children.","volume":"95","author":"Arndt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coates J, Swindale A, Bilinsky P. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for measurement of food access: indicator guide. Washington (DC): Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project, Academy for Educational Development; 2007. p. 34.","DOI":"10.1037\/e576842013-001"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.11.3127","article-title":"Combined measurement of ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, retinol binding protein, and C-reactive protein by an inexpensive, sensitive, and simple sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique.","volume":"134","author":"Erhardt","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3945\/an.115.010215","article-title":"Overview of the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project.","volume":"7","author":"Suchdev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137S","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.194712","article-title":"The use of adjustment factors to address the impact of inflammation on vitamin A and iron status in humans.","volume":"145","author":"Thurnham","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1054\/clnu.2001.0409","article-title":"Gut barrier function and bacterial translocation in humans.","volume":"20","author":"Gabe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193768","article-title":"Serum anti-flagellin and antilipopolysaccharide immunoglobulins as predictors of linear growth faltering in Pakistani infants at risk for environmental enteric dysfunction.","volume":"13","author":"Syed","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0133-2","article-title":"Mesalazine in the initial management of severely acutely malnourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction: a pilot randomized controlled trial.","volume":"12","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0629","article-title":"Household environmental conditions are associated with enteropathy and impaired growth in rural Bangladesh.","volume":"89","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1238-1","article-title":"Plasma endotoxin core antibody concentration and linear growth are unrelated in rural Malawian children aged 2\u20135 years.","volume":"8","author":"Benzoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2966","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21319-8","article-title":"Promising biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction: a prospective cohort study in Pakistani children.","volume":"8","author":"Iqbal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz151","article-title":"Intestinal permeability and inflammation mediate the association between nutrient density of complementary foods and biochemical measures of micronutrient status in young children: results from the MAL-ED study.","volume":"110","author":"McCormick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0985","article-title":"Association of fecal markers of environmental enteric dysfunction with zinc and iron status among children at first two years of life in Bangladesh.","volume":"99","author":"Fahim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622022696?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622022696?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jn\/article-pdf\/150\/8\/2175\/33536853\/nxaa141.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jn\/article-pdf\/150\/8\/2175\/33536853\/nxaa141.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T22:19:58Z","timestamp":1686694798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316622022696"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022316622022696"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Markers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Are Associated with Poor Growth and Iron Status in Rural Ugandan Infants","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/nxaa141","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2020 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}