{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:29:16Z","timestamp":1793154556168,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":267,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1510,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]],"date-time":"2018-08-02T15:27:28Z","timestamp":1533223648000},"page":"1995S-2027S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":285,"special_numbering":"S4","title":["Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND): Vitamin B-12 Review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Lindsay H","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua W","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisette","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irwin H","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A David","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helga","family":"Refsum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J","family":"Raiten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib1","article-title":"Historical review: a history of pernicious anaemia","volume":"111","author":"Chanarin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib2","article-title":"Anaemia-disease of the suprarenal capsules","volume":"43","author":"Addison","year":"1949","journal-title":"Medical Gazette"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1926.02680070016005","article-title":"Treatment of pernicious anemia by a special diet. 1926","volume":"87","author":"Minot","year":"1926","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.107.2781.396","article-title":"Crystalline vitamin B12","volume":"107","author":"Rickes","year":"1948","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/178064a0","article-title":"Structure of vitamin B12","volume":"178","author":"Hodgkin","year":"1956","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1351\/pac197333010145","article-title":"The total synthesis of vitamin B 12","volume":"33","author":"Woodward","year":"1973","journal-title":"Pure Appl Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-192912000-00002","article-title":"Observations of the etiologic relationship of achylia gastrica to pernicious anemia: I. The effect of administration to patients with pernicious anemia of the contents of the normal human stomach recovered after the ingestion of beef muscle","volume":"178","author":"Castle","year":"1929","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.013441","article-title":"Biomarkers of cobalamin (vitamin B-12) status in the epidemiologic setting: a critical overview of context, applications, and performance characteristics of cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, and holotranscobalamin II","volume":"94","author":"Carmel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2014-0818","article-title":"Combined indicator of vitamin B12 status: modification for missing biomarkers and folate status and recommendations for revised cut-points","volume":"53","author":"Fedosov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2007.343","article-title":"Haptocorrin in humans","volume":"45","author":"Morkbak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.5.1324","article-title":"Identification and quantitation of cobalamin and cobalamin analogues in human feces","volume":"87","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9247460","article-title":"Normalization of plasma vitamin B12 concentration by intranasal hydroxocobalamin in vitamin B12-deficient patients","volume":"113","author":"Slot","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-232587","article-title":"Identification of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1\/ABCC1) as a molecular gate for cellular export of cobalamin","volume":"115","author":"Beedholm-Ebsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib14","first-page":"565","article-title":"Folate, choline, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6","author":"Caudill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochemical, physiological, and molecular aspects of human nutrition"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib15","article-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes: thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes: thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib16","article-title":"The megaloblastic anemias","author":"Chanarin","year":"1979","journal-title":"The megaloblastic anemias"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26947A","article-title":"How common is vitamin B-12 deficiency?","volume":"89","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.10.1835","article-title":"Identification of two mutant alleles of transcobalamin II in an affected family","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07855.x","article-title":"Genomic mutations associated with mild and severe deficiencies of transcobalamin I (haptocorrin) that cause mildly and severely low serum cobalamin levels","volume":"147","author":"Carmel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib20","article-title":"Vitamin B12","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handbook of vitamins"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-158949","article-title":"The protein and the gene encoding the receptor for the cellular uptake of transcobalamin-bound cobalamin","volume":"113","author":"Quadros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.206599","article-title":"Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development\u2014folate review","volume":"145","author":"Bailey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31355-9","article-title":"S-adenosylmethionine metabolism and liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Mato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.1.131","article-title":"The pathogenesis of homocysteinemia: interruption of the coordinate regulation by S-adenosylmethionine of the remethylation and transsulfuration of homocysteine","volume":"55","author":"Selhub","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2005.7.547","article-title":"Homocysteine and redox signaling","volume":"7","author":"Zou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.12.1967","article-title":"Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and of insulin treatment on homocysteine metabolism in the rat","volume":"47","author":"Jacobs","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-5-199909070-00005","article-title":"Normalization of hyperhomocysteinemia with L-thyroxine in hypothyroidism","volume":"131","author":"Hussein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2001.127","article-title":"Homocysteine in postmenopausal women and the importance of hormone replacement therapy","volume":"39","author":"Mijatovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib29","article-title":"Estimation of trends in serum and RBC folate in the U.S. population from pre- to postfortification using assay-adjusted data from the NHANES 1988\u20132010","volume":"142","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2792","article-title":"Folic acid intake from fortification in United States exceeds predictions","volume":"132","author":"Choumenkovitch","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.193","article-title":"Folate and vitamin B-12 status in relation to anemia, macrocytosis, and cognitive impairment in older Americans in the age of folic acid fortification","volume":"85","author":"Morris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12155","article-title":"Advanced age as a risk factor for folate-associated functional cobalamin deficiency","volume":"61","author":"Solomon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19995","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709487104","article-title":"In vitamin B12 deficiency, higher serum folate is associated with increased total homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations","volume":"104","author":"Selhub","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27514","article-title":"Metabolic evidence of vitamin B-12 deficiency, including high homocysteine and methylmalonic acid and low holotranscobalamin, is more pronounced in older adults with elevated plasma folate","volume":"90","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-007-0793-y","article-title":"Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations during pregnancy and insulin resistance in the offspring: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study","volume":"51","author":"Yajnik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.144717","article-title":"Low maternal vitamin B-12 status is associated with offspring insulin resistance regardless of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in rural Nepal","volume":"141","author":"Stewart","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.116509","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 treatment of asymptomatic, deficient, elderly Chileans improves conductivity in myelinated peripheral nerves, but high serum folate impairs vitamin B-12 status response assessed by the combined indicator of vitamin B-12 status","volume":"103","author":"Brito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.139030","article-title":"Transcobalamin 776C\u2192G polymorphism is associated with peripheral neuropathy in elderly individuals with high folate intake","volume":"104","author":"Sawaengsri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib39","article-title":"Folate, cobalamin, and megaloblastic anemias","author":"Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"Williams hematology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib40","first-page":"39","article-title":"Directions In Nutritional Assessment \u2013 biomarkers and bio-indicators: providing clarity in the fact of complexity","volume":"29","author":"Raiten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sight and Life"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.12.070192.000423","article-title":"Cobalamin deficiency and the pathogenesis of nervous system disease","volume":"12","author":"Metz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70598-1","article-title":"Vitamin B12, folic acid, and the nervous system","volume":"5","author":"Reynolds","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.05.001","article-title":"Experimental and clinical evidence of the role of cytokines and growth factors in the pathogenesis of acquired cobalamin-deficient leukoneuropathy","volume":"59","author":"Scalabrino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2017.7","article-title":"Impact of baseline vitamin B12 status on the effect of vitamin B12 supplementation on neurologic function in older people: secondary analysis of data from the OPEN randomised controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"Miles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.118380","article-title":"Benefit of vitamin B-12 supplementation in asymptomatic elderly: a matter of endpoints","volume":"102","author":"Kalita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.7.959","article-title":"Low vitamin B-12 status in confirmed Alzheimer's disease as revealed by serum holotranscobalamin","volume":"74","author":"Refsum","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.11.1449","article-title":"Folate, vitamin B12, and serum total homocysteine levels in confirmed Alzheimer disease","volume":"55","author":"Clarke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.15.1774","article-title":"High-dose B vitamin supplementation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"300","author":"Aisen","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(200003)15:3<226::AID-GPS98>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency in dementia and cognitive impairment: the effects of treatment on neuropsychological function","volume":"15","author":"Eastley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib50","article-title":"Do we need to reconsider the desirable blood level of vitamin B12?","volume":"271","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26947D","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 and cognition in the elderly","volume":"89","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxs003","article-title":"Vitamin B12 intake and status and cognitive function in elderly people","volume":"35","author":"Doets","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211002511","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and vitamin B12: a review","volume":"24","author":"Moore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000341272.48617.b0","article-title":"Biochemical indicators of vitamin B12 and folate insufficiency and cognitive decline","volume":"72","author":"Tangney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3182761b6c","article-title":"Cognitive function in an elderly population: interaction between vitamin B12 status, depression, and apolipoprotein E epsilon4: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study","volume":"75","author":"Vogiatzoglou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.102632","article-title":"Fraction of total plasma vitamin B12 bound to transcobalamin correlates with cognitive function in elderly Latinos with depressive symptoms","volume":"54","author":"Garrod","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26969","article-title":"Vitamin B-12, apolipoprotein E genotype, and cognitive performance in community-living older adults: evidence of a gene-micronutrient interaction","volume":"89","author":"Feng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512001249","article-title":"Plasma free choline, betaine and cognitive performance: the Hordaland Health Study","volume":"109","author":"Nurk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12244","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012244","article-title":"Homocysteine-lowering by B vitamins slows the rate of accelerated brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2758","article-title":"Cognitive and clinical outcomes of homocysteine-lowering B-vitamin treatment in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"de Jager","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301816110","article-title":"Preventing Alzheimer's disease-related gray matter atrophy by B-vitamin treatment","volume":"110","author":"Douaud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.165944","article-title":"Association of cognitive impairment with combinations of vitamin B12-related parameters","volume":"57","author":"Lildballe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.1.21","article-title":"Vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid supplementation and cognitive function: a systematic review of randomized trials","volume":"167","author":"Balk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib64","first-page":"CD004326","article-title":"Vitamin B12 for cognition","author":"Malouf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-111739","article-title":"Effect of homocysteine lowering treatment on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"29","author":"Ford","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.076349","article-title":"Effects of homocysteine lowering with B vitamins on cognitive aging: meta-analysis of 11 trials with cognitive data on 22,000 individuals","volume":"100","author":"Clarke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv022","article-title":"Assessing the association between homocysteine and cognition: reflections on Bradford Hill, meta-analyses, and causality","volume":"73","author":"McCaddon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.007799","article-title":"Oral folic acid and vitamin B-12 supplementation to prevent cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms\u2014the Beyond Ageing Project: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"95","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.4.641","article-title":"Dietary folate and vitamin B12 intake and cognitive decline among community-dwelling older persons","volume":"62","author":"Morris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-131265","article-title":"Among vitamin B12 deficient older people, high folate levels are associated with worse cognitive function: combined data from three cohorts","volume":"39","author":"Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-110752","article-title":"Homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folic acid levels in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy elderly: baseline characteristics in subjects of the Australian Imaging Biomarker Lifestyle study","volume":"27","author":"Faux","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.231","article-title":"What is the safe upper intake level of folic acid for the nervous system? Implications for folic acid fortification policies","volume":"70","author":"Reynolds","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.5.715","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency and depression in physically disabled older women: epidemiologic evidence from the Women's Health and Aging Study","volume":"157","author":"Penninx","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.12.2099","article-title":"Vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine in depression: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"159","author":"Tiemeier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02229.x","article-title":"Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and depressive symptoms in a population sample of older Chinese adults","volume":"57","author":"Ng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.161828","article-title":"Status of vitamins B-12 and B-6 but not of folate, homocysteine, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism are associated with impaired cognition and depression in adults","volume":"142","author":"Moorthy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2008.00931.x","article-title":"Association between folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 intake and depression in the SUN cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Sanchez-Villegas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2530","article-title":"Associations between holotranscobalamin, vitamin B12, homocysteine and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling elders","volume":"26","author":"Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.039511","article-title":"Predictive value of folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels in late-life depression","volume":"192","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29413","article-title":"Longitudinal association of vitamin B-6, folate, and vitamin B-12 with depressive symptoms among older adults over time","volume":"92","author":"Skarupski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22189","article-title":"B-vitamins reduce the long-term risk of depression after stroke: the VITATOPS-DEP trial","volume":"68","author":"Almeida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib82","article-title":"Nutrition and depression: the role of folate","volume":"55","author":"Alpert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.5.1158S","article-title":"Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the treatment of depression: a review of the evidence","volume":"76","author":"Mischoulon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881105048899","article-title":"Treatment of depression: time to consider folic acid and vitamin B12","volume":"19","author":"Coppen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.07.029","article-title":"No clear potentiation of antidepressant medication effects by folic acid+vitamin B12 in a large community sample","volume":"130","author":"Christensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008002735","article-title":"Maternal serum vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine and the risk of neural tube defects in the offspring in a high-risk area of China","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1173","article-title":"Maternal vitamin B12 status and risk of neural tube defects in a population with high neural tube defect prevalence and no folic acid fortification","volume":"123","author":"Molloy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(02)00267-3","article-title":"Maternal serum B12 levels and risk for neural tube defects in a Texas-Mexico border population","volume":"13","author":"Suarez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000257063.77411.e9","article-title":"Vitamin B12 and the risk of neural tube defects in a folic-acid-fortified population","volume":"18","author":"Ray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.580800","article-title":"Low maternal vitamin B12 is a risk factor for neural tube defects: a meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.133","article-title":"Biochemical indexes of the B vitamins in cord serum are predicted by maternal B vitamin status","volume":"82","author":"Obeid","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385855-9.00005-9","article-title":"Homocysteine in pregnancy","volume":"53","author":"Murphy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.032904","article-title":"Maternal homocysteine before conception and throughout pregnancy predicts fetal homocysteine and birth weight","volume":"50","author":"Murphy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00031.x","article-title":"Effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on neurodevelopment in infants: current knowledge and possible mechanisms","volume":"66","author":"Dror","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.5.1307","article-title":"Prevalent vitamin B-12 deficiency in twelve-month-old Guatemalan infants is predicted by maternal B-12 deficiency and infant diet","volume":"137","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.187278","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 supplementation during pregnancy and early lactation increases maternal, breast milk, and infant measures of vitamin B-12 status","volume":"144","author":"Duggan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0845-x","article-title":"Vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy and postpartum improves B12 status of both mothers and infants but vaccine response in mothers only: a randomized clinical trial in Bangladesh","volume":"55","author":"Siddiqua","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.17.2027","article-title":"Effect of folic acid and B vitamins on risk of cardiovascular events and total mortality among women at high risk for cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial","volume":"299","author":"Albert","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib99","article-title":"Effects of lowering homocysteine levels with B vitamins on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cause-specific mortality: meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials involving 37 485 individuals","volume":"170","author":"Clarke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.2274","article-title":"Efficacy of folic acid therapy in primary prevention of stroke among adults with hypertension in China: the CSPPT randomized clinical trial","volume":"313","author":"Huo","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib101","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency: a new risk factor for breast cancer?","volume":"57","author":"Choi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib102","article-title":"A prospective study on folate, B12, and pyridoxal 5\u2032-phosphate (B6) and breast cancer","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.555","article-title":"Effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 on cancer risk in women: a randomized trial","volume":"300","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.007","article-title":"Hip fracture risk in patients with a diagnosis of pernicious anemia","volume":"138","author":"Merriman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72606","article-title":"Vitamin B12-dependent taurine synthesis regulates growth and bone mass","volume":"124","author":"Roman-Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050202","article-title":"Homocysteine and vitamin B12 status relate to bone turnover markers, broadband ultrasound attenuation, and fractures in healthy elderly people","volume":"20","author":"Dhonukshe-Rutten","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2005.20.1.152","article-title":"Low plasma vitamin B12 is associated with lower BMD: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study","volume":"20","author":"Tucker","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-9968-6","article-title":"Effect of vitamin B12 and folic acid supplementation on bone mineral density and quantitative ultrasound parameters in older people with an elevated plasma homocysteine level: B-PROOF, a randomized controlled trial","volume":"96","author":"Enneman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib109","article-title":"Effect of B vitamin (folate, B6, and B12) supplementation on osteoporotic fracture and bone turnover markers: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Ruan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib110","first-page":"486186","article-title":"Vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine, and bone health in adults and elderly people: a systematic review with meta-analyses","author":"van Wijngaarden","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199107000-00001","article-title":"Neurologic aspects of cobalamin deficiency","volume":"70","author":"Healton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-03-040253","article-title":"How I treat cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency","volume":"112","author":"Carmel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib113","article-title":"Composition of foods raw, processed, prepared. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, release 27","year":"2015","journal-title":"Composition of foods raw, processed, prepared. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, release 27"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/jf401545z","article-title":"Biologically active vitamin B12 compounds in foods for preventing deficiency among vegetarians and elderly subjects","volume":"61","author":"Watanabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib115","article-title":"Vitamin B12 turnover in man. The assimilation of vitamin B12 from natural foodstuff by man and estimates of minimal daily dietary requirements","volume":"18","author":"Heyssel","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1968.tb02452.x","article-title":"Oral treatment of pernicious anemia with high doses of vitamin B12 without intrinsic factor","volume":"184","author":"Berlin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.4.1191","article-title":"Effective treatment of cobalamin deficiency with oral cobalamin","volume":"92","author":"Kuzminski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/000346968","article-title":"Systematic review on daily vitamin B12 losses and bioavailability for deriving recommendations on vitamin B12 intake with the factorial approach","volume":"62","author":"Doets","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000041","article-title":"Bioavailability of vitamin B12","volume":"80","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib120","article-title":"Human vitamin and mineral requirements. Report of a joint FAO\/WHO expert consultation, Bangkok, Thailand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Human vitamin and mineral requirements. Report of a joint FAO\/WHO expert consultation, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib121","article-title":"Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib122","article-title":"Dietary Reference Values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dietary Reference Values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib123","article-title":"Scientific opinion on Dietary Reference Values for cobalamin (vitamin B12)","volume":"13","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Food Safety Authority"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib124","article-title":"Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012. Part 3. Vitamins A, D, E, K, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid and vitamin C","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012. Part 3. Vitamins A, D, E, K, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid and vitamin C"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib125","article-title":"Nutrient requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrient requirements and Recommended Dietary Allowances for Indians"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.57","article-title":"Prioritizing micronutrients for the purpose of reviewing their requirements: a protocol developed by EURRECA","volume":"64","author":"Cavelaars","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib127","article-title":"Recommended dietary allowances harmonization in Southeast Asia","volume":"17","author":"Barba","year":"2008","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib128","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dietary intake of selected vitamins for the United States population: 1999\u20132000","volume":"339","author":"Ervin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Data"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.01.026","article-title":"Examination of vitamin intakes among US adults by dietary supplement use","volume":"112","author":"Bailey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1159\/000332762","article-title":"Projected prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes in Europe","volume":"59","author":"Vinas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265100311S104","article-title":"Considering the case for vitamin B12 fortification of flour","volume":"31","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.210195","article-title":"Regional, socioeconomic, and dietary risk factors for vitamin B-12 deficiency differ from those for folate deficiency in Cameroonian women and children","volume":"145","author":"Shahab-Ferdows","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.015222","article-title":"Monitoring of vitamin B-12 nutritional status in the United States by using plasma methylmalonic acid and serum vitamin B-12","volume":"94","author":"Bailey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.2.328","article-title":"Role of cobalamin intake and atrophic gastritis in mild cobalamin deficiency in older Dutch subjects","volume":"68","author":"van Asselt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S107","article-title":"Review of the magnitude of folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies worldwide","volume":"29","author":"McLean","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00069.x","article-title":"Folate and vitamin B12 status in the Americas","volume":"62","author":"Allen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572115585772","article-title":"Folate and vitamin B12 status in Latin America and the Caribbean: an update","volume":"36","author":"Brito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.9.2770","article-title":"Plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations in an elderly Latino population are predicted by serum gastrin concentrations and crystalline vitamin B-12 intake","volume":"133","author":"Campbell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib139","article-title":"National micronutrient status survey 2011\u20132012. Final report","year":"2013","journal-title":"National micronutrient status survey 2011\u20132012. Final report"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.020230","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 and homocysteine status in a folate-replete population: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey","volume":"94","author":"MacFarlane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0200","article-title":"High prevalence of suboptimal vitamin B12 status in young adult women of South Asian and European ethnicity","volume":"40","author":"Quay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.016410","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori serologic status has no influence on the association between fucosyltransferase 2 polymorphism (FUT2 461 G\u2192A) and vitamin B-12 in Europe and West Africa","volume":"95","author":"Oussalah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.1.131","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 status, particularly holotranscobalamin II and methylmalonic acid concentrations, and hyperhomocysteinemia in vegetarians","volume":"78","author":"Herrmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.2.514","article-title":"Plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations relate to intake source in the Framingham Offspring study","volume":"71","author":"Tucker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib145","article-title":"Mapping supply and demand for animal-source foods to 2030: Animal Production and Health Working Paper No. 2","author":"Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mapping supply and demand for animal-source foods to 2030: Animal Production and Health Working Paper No. 2"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.11.3972S","article-title":"Kenyan school children have multiple micronutrient deficiencies, but increased plasma vitamin B-12 is the only detectable micronutrient response to meat or milk supplementation","volume":"133","author":"Siekmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.032268","article-title":"Cobalamin and folate status predicts mental development scores in North Indian children 12\u201318 mo of age","volume":"97","author":"Strand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib148","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia in rural and urban Indians","volume":"54","author":"Yajnik","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90079","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090079","article-title":"Cobalamin and folate status in 6 to 35 months old children presenting with acute diarrhea in Bhaktapur, Nepal","volume":"9","author":"Ulak","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.3.676","article-title":"Low plasma vitamin B-12 in Kenyan school children is highly prevalent and improved by supplemental animal source foods","volume":"137","author":"McLean","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.1.105","article-title":"Folate and cobalamin status in relation to breastfeeding and weaning in healthy infants","volume":"88","author":"Hay","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.143917","article-title":"Breast milk vitamin B-12 concentrations in Guatemalan women are correlated with maternal but not infant vitamin B-12 status at 12 months postpartum","volume":"142","author":"Deegan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00040041097008","article-title":"Prevalence of undiagnosed pernicious anemia in the elderly","volume":"156","author":"Carmel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90731-Y","article-title":"Reversal of protein-bound vitamin B12 malabsorption with antibiotics in atrophic gastritis","volume":"101","author":"Suter","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02090202","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and food-cobalamin malabsorption","volume":"39","author":"Carmel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib156","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori, a causative agent of vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"2","author":"Sarari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1986.tb03985.x","article-title":"Fundic atrophic gastritis in an elderly population. Effect on hemoglobin and several serum nutritional indicators","volume":"34","author":"Krasinski","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.19.1.357","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly","volume":"19","author":"Baik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/000073341","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection, vitamin B12 and homocysteine. A review","volume":"21","author":"Dierkes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03453.x","article-title":"Associations of food-cobalamin malabsorption with ethnic origin, age, Helicobacter pylori infection, and serum markers of gastritis","volume":"96","author":"Carmel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.11.2481","article-title":"The disappearance of cobalamin absorption testing: a critical diagnostic loss","volume":"137","author":"Carmel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.131524","article-title":"Assessment of vitamin B12 absorption based on the accumulation of orally administered cyanocobalamin on transcobalamin","volume":"56","author":"Hardlei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2011.581389","article-title":"The vitamin B12 absorption test, CobaSorb, identifies patients not requiring vitamin B12 injection therapy","volume":"71","author":"Hvas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601251103","article-title":"Human vitamin B12 absorption measurement by accelerator mass spectrometry using specifically labeled 14C-cobalamin","volume":"103","author":"Carkeet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02090365","article-title":"Malabsorption and deficiency of vitamin B12 in HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhea","volume":"39","author":"Ehrenpreis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000559","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for functional vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"21","author":"Ward","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2006.08.017","article-title":"Vitamin B12 malabsorption in patients with limited ileal resection","volume":"22","author":"Duerksen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2013.12.005","article-title":"Anemia, iron and vitamin B12 deficiencies after sleeve gastrectomy compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Kwon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep1263","article-title":"Does long-term PPI use result in vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly individuals?","volume":"5","author":"Dharmarajan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280490","article-title":"Proton pump inhibitor and histamine 2 receptor antagonist use and vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"310","author":"Lam","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1582","article-title":"Association of biochemical B12 deficiency with metformin therapy and vitamin B12 supplements: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999\u20132006","volume":"35","author":"Reinstatler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2278","article-title":"Metformin causing vitamin B12 deficiency: a guilty verdict without sufficient evidence","volume":"37","author":"Obeid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2013.02.002","article-title":"Metformin increases liver accumulation of vitamin B12 \u2013 an experimental study in rats","volume":"95","author":"Greibe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib174","article-title":"Megaloblastic haemopoiesis in patients receiving nitrous oxide","volume":"2","author":"Amess","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib175","article-title":"Myeloneuropathy after prolonged exposure to nitrous oxide","volume":"2","author":"Layzer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib176","article-title":"Synergistic deleterious effects of nitrous oxide exposure and vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"105","author":"O'Leary","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.2.420","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 metabolism in HIV-infected patients in the age of highly active antiretroviral therapy: role of homocysteine in assessing vitamin B-12 status","volume":"77","author":"Remacha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.172882","article-title":"Selected physiologic variables are weakly to moderately associated with 29 biomarkers of diet and nutrition, NHANES 2003\u20132006","volume":"143","author":"Haynes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.054619","article-title":"Holotranscobalamin and total transcobalamin in human plasma: determination, determinants, and reference values in healthy adults","volume":"52","author":"Refsum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602002","article-title":"Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on folate and vitamin B12 status in postmenopausal women","volume":"58","author":"Laufer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/000070032","article-title":"Influence of training volume and acute physical exercise on the homocysteine levels in endurance-trained men: interactions with plasma folate and vitamin B12","volume":"47","author":"Konig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib182","article-title":"Biological variation of laboratory analytes based on the 1999\u20132002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","author":"Lacher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological variation of laboratory analytes based on the 1999\u20132002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.6.1325","article-title":"Effect of serum-clot contact time on clinical chemistry laboratory results","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.107219","article-title":"Genetic modifiers of folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine status in a cross-sectional study of the Canadian population","volume":"101","author":"Zinck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1373\/49.8.1367","article-title":"Mild transcobalamin I (haptocorrin) deficiency and low serum cobalamin concentrations","volume":"49","author":"Carmel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(93)90264-E","article-title":"Isolation and sequence analysis of variant forms of human transcobalamin II","volume":"1172","author":"Li","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib187","article-title":"Polymorphism of human transcobalamin II: substitution of proline and\/or glutamine residues by arginine","volume":"1219","author":"Li","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2003.09.001","article-title":"Population-based differences in frequency of the transcobalamin II Pro259Arg polymorphism","volume":"37","author":"Bowen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib189","article-title":"Human polymorphic genes","author":"Roychoudhury","year":"1988","journal-title":"Human polymorphic genes"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200830","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the transcobalamin gene: relationship with transcobalamin concentrations and risk for neural tube defects","volume":"10","author":"Afman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.3.159","article-title":"Reduced vitamin B12 binding by transcobalamin II increases the risk of neural tube defects","volume":"94","author":"Afman","year":"2001","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2003.219","article-title":"The role of genetic factors in the development of hyperhomocysteinemia","volume":"41","author":"Geisel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.9.1383","article-title":"Polymorphisms in the transcobalamin gene: association with plasma homocysteine in healthy individuals and vascular disease patients","volume":"48","author":"Lievers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/000076359","article-title":"Transcobalamin polymorphism and serum holo-transcobalamin in relation to Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"McCaddon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-01-0209","article-title":"Transcobalamin II 775G>C polymorphism and indices of vitamin B12 status in healthy older adults","volume":"100","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9463","article-title":"Isoelectrofocusing phenotype and relative concentration of transcobalamin II isoproteins related to the codon 259 Arg\/Pro polymorphism","volume":"251","author":"Namour","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.4.1092","article-title":"Transcobalamin codon 259 polymorphism in HT-29 and Caco-2 cells and in Caucasians: relation to transcobalamin and homocysteine concentration in blood","volume":"97","author":"Namour","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.6.1436","article-title":"Transcobalamin 776C\u2192G polymorphism negatively affects vitamin B-12 metabolism","volume":"81","author":"von Castel-Dunwoody","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2003.235","article-title":"Analysis of the transcobalamin II 776C>G (259P>R) single nucleotide polymorphism by denaturing HPLC in healthy elderly: associations with cobalamin, homocysteine and holo-transcobalamin II","volume":"41","author":"Wans","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1373\/49.7.1195","article-title":"The transcobalamin (TC) codon 259 genetic polymorphism influences holo-TC concentration in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer disease","volume":"49","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.9411","article-title":"Study of four genes belonging to the folate pathway: transcobalamin 2 is involved in the onset of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate","volume":"27","author":"Martinelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.12.3033","article-title":"The transcobalamin codon 259 polymorphism influences the risk of human spontaneous abortion","volume":"17","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg375","article-title":"Gene-gene interaction between fetal MTHFR 677C>T and transcobalamin 776C>G polymorphisms in human spontaneous abortion","volume":"18","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.20234","article-title":"Methionine synthase (MTR) 2756 (A \u2192 G) polymorphism, double heterozygosity methionine synthase 2756 AG\/methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) 66 AG, and elevated homocysteinemia are three risk factors for having a child with Down syndrome","volume":"121A","author":"Bosco","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19990521)84:2<151::AID-AJMG12>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and methionine synthase, folate levels in red blood cells, and risk of neural tube defects","volume":"84","author":"Christensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1086\/344209","article-title":"Maternal genetic effects, exerted by genes involved in homocysteine remethylation, influence the risk of spina bifida","volume":"71","author":"Doolin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2006.00618.x","article-title":"Maternal MTR genotype contributes to the risk of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in the Polish population","volume":"69","author":"Mostowska","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1086\/303055","article-title":"Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism as maternal risk factors for Down syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Hobbs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.1999.2879","article-title":"A common variant in methionine synthase reductase combined with low cobalamin (vitamin B12) increases risk for spina bifida","volume":"67","author":"Wilson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.10297","article-title":"A genetic polymorphism in the coding region of the gastric intrinsic factor gene (GIF) is associated with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency","volume":"23","author":"Gordon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.15","article-title":"Effect of physiological doses of oral vitamin B12 on plasma homocysteine: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in India","volume":"64","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib212","article-title":"Oral vitamin B12 supplementation reduces plasma total homocysteine concentration in women in India","volume":"16","author":"Yajnik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.4.788","article-title":"Antenatal supplementation with micronutrients and biochemical indicators of status and subclinical infection in rural Nepal","volume":"83","author":"Christian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.111740","article-title":"Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation has limited impact on micronutrient status of Bangladeshi infants compared with standard iron and folic acid supplementation","volume":"140","author":"Eneroth","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.105106","article-title":"Antiretroviral therapy provided to HIV-infected Malawian women in a randomized trial diminishes the positive effects of lipid-based nutrient supplements on breast-milk B vitamins","volume":"102","author":"Allen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.212290","article-title":"Plasma micronutrient concentrations are altered by antiretroviral therapy and lipid-based nutrient supplements in lactating HIV-infected Malawian women","volume":"145","author":"Flax","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265100311S104","article-title":"Considering the case for vitamin B12 fortification of flour","volume":"31","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1159\/000337775","article-title":"Pros and cons of increasing folic acid and vitamin B12 intake by fortification","volume":"70","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.245076","article-title":"Iron, zinc, folate, and vitamin B-12 status increased among women and children in Yaounde and Douala, Cameroon, 1 year after introducing fortified wheat flour","volume":"147","author":"Engle-Stone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/124.suppl_11.2245s","article-title":"Dietary assessment resource manual","volume":"124","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2014009","DOI":"10.4178\/epih\/e2014009","article-title":"Dietary assessment methods in epidemiologic studies","volume":"36","author":"Shim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.324","article-title":"The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes","volume":"88","author":"Moshfegh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.2.601S","article-title":"Estimation of usual intake distributions of nutrients and foods","volume":"133","author":"Carriquiry","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.07.011","article-title":"Statistical methods for estimating usual intake of nutrients and foods: a review of the theory","volume":"106","author":"Dodd","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S105","article-title":"Causes of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency","volume":"29","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib226","article-title":"Studies of biomarker responses to intervention with vitamin B-12: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"89","author":"Hoey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib227","article-title":"Transcobalamin derived from bovine milk stimulates apical uptake of vitamin B12 into human intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"115","author":"Hine","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26598","article-title":"Dietary sources of vitamin B-12 and their association with plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations in the general population: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study","volume":"89","author":"Vogiatzoglou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7095364","article-title":"Dietary sources of vitamin B-12 and their association with vitamin B-12 status markers in healthy older adults in the B-PROOF study","volume":"7","author":"Brouwer-Brolsma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28082","article-title":"Daily intake of 4 to 7 microg dietary vitamin B-12 is associated with steady concentrations of vitamin B-12-related biomarkers in a healthy young population","volume":"91","author":"Bor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.1.52","article-title":"A daily intake of approximately 6 microg vitamin B-12 appears to saturate all the vitamin B-12-related variables in Danish postmenopausal women","volume":"83","author":"Bor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-017-0911-6","article-title":"Vitamin B12 intake and related biomarkers: associations in a Dutch elderly population","volume":"21","author":"van Wijngaarden","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.142","article-title":"Serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in British male omnivores, vegetarians and vegans: results from a cross-sectional analysis of the EPIC-Oxford cohort study","volume":"64","author":"Gilsing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(02)00307-8","article-title":"Vegetarian lifestyle and monitoring of vitamin B-12 status","volume":"326","author":"Herrmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2013.02.008","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of clinical and subclinical cobalamin deficiencies: why controversies persist in the age of sensitive metabolic testing","volume":"95","author":"Carmel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3536(05)80220-3","article-title":"Metabolite assays in cobalamin and folate deficiency","volume":"8","author":"Green","year":"1995","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Haematol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45979","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045979","article-title":"Cobalamin related parameters and disease patterns in patients with increased serum cobalamin levels","volume":"7","author":"Arendt","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.013458","article-title":"Holotranscobalamin, a marker of vitamin B-12 status: analytical aspects and clinical utility","volume":"94","author":"Nexo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.020743","article-title":"Holotranscobalamin as an indicator of dietary vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"49","author":"Lloyd-Wright","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.10.1768","article-title":"Holo-transcobalamin is an early marker of changes in cobalamin homeostasis. A randomized placebo-controlled study","volume":"48","author":"Nexo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.165712","article-title":"Vitamin B-12 supplementation of rural Mexican women changes biochemical vitamin B-12 status indicators but does not affect hematology or a bone turnover marker","volume":"142","author":"Shahab-Ferdows","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200052997384","article-title":"The usefulness of holotranscobalamin in predicting vitamin B12 status in different clinical settings","volume":"6","author":"Herrmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.08.006","article-title":"An audit of holotranscobalamin (\u201cActive\u201d B12) and methylmalonic acid assays for the assessment of vitamin B12 status: application in a mixed patient population","volume":"47","author":"Sobczynska-Malefora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2003.227","article-title":"Functional vitamin B12 deficiency and determination of holotranscobalamin in populations at risk","volume":"41","author":"Herrmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-011-0782-0","article-title":"A longitudinal study of maternal folate and vitamin B12 status in pregnancy and postpartum, with the same infant markers at 6 months of age","volume":"16","author":"Hure","year":"2012","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib246","article-title":"Holotranscobalamin remains unchanged during pregnancy. Longitudinal changes of cobalamins and their binding proteins during pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"92","author":"Morkbak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.8.1863","article-title":"Longitudinal study of the effect of pregnancy on maternal and fetal cobalamin status in healthy women and their offspring","volume":"137","author":"Murphy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830340205","article-title":"Diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency: II. Relative sensitivities of serum cobalamin, methylmalonic acid, and total homocysteine concentrations","volume":"34","author":"Lindenbaum","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200301000-00008","article-title":"Predictors of cobalamin deficiency in Guatemalan school children: diet, Helicobacter pylori, or bacterial overgrowth?","volume":"36","author":"Rogers","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.2.233","article-title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia and elevated methylmalonic acid indicate a high prevalence of cobalamin deficiency in Asian Indians","volume":"74","author":"Refsum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265080292S110","article-title":"The use of blood concentrations of vitamins and their respective functional indicators to define folate and vitamin B12 status","volume":"29","author":"Selhub","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.061234","article-title":"Modeling a methylmalonic acid-derived change point for serum vitamin B-12 for adults in NHANES","volume":"98","author":"Bailey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2005.183","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency is the dominant nutritional cause of hyperhomocysteinemia in a folic acid-fortified population","volume":"43","author":"Green","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.1.7","article-title":"Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in diagnosis and risk assessment from infancy to adolescence","volume":"78","author":"Bjorke Monsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.04.002","article-title":"Biochemical markers of vitamin B12 deficiency combined in one diagnostic parameter: the age-dependence and association with cognitive function and blood hemoglobin","volume":"422","author":"Fedosov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib256","article-title":"Algorithm for the early diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency in elderly people","volume":"28","author":"Palacios","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-013-1905-z","article-title":"Role of serum holotranscobalamin (holoTC) in the diagnosis of patients with low serum cobalamin. Comparison with methylmalonic acid and homocysteine","volume":"93","author":"Remacha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V76.5.871.871","article-title":"Clinical spectrum and diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency","volume":"76","author":"Stabler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.2011.682","article-title":"Uptake of cobalamin and markers of cobalamin status: a longitudinal study of healthy pregnant women","volume":"49","author":"Greibe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.172858","article-title":"The CDC's second national report on biochemical indicators of diet and nutrition in the U.S. population is a valuable tool for researchers and policy makers","volume":"143","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.061382","article-title":"Measurement of total vitamin B12 and holotranscobalamin, singly and in combination, in screening for metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"52","author":"Miller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2003.021717","article-title":"Vitamin B12 status in the elderly as judged by available biochemical markers","volume":"50","author":"Obeid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.5.1241","article-title":"Screening for vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency in older persons","volume":"77","author":"Clarke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0586","article-title":"Chemiluminescence-based cobalamin assay errors: background and perspectives","volume":"51","author":"Carmel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.108761","article-title":"Effects of delayed sample processing and freezing on serum concentrations of selected nutritional indicators","volume":"54","author":"Drammeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib266","article-title":"Effect of light on vitamin B12 and folate","volume":"40","author":"Clement","year":"2009","journal-title":"LabMedicine"},{"key":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201_bib267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.117.248278","article-title":"The human serum metabolome of vitamin B-12 deficiency and repletion, and associations with neurological function in elderly adults","volume":"147","author":"Brito","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622164266?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022316622164266?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jn\/article-pdf\/148\/suppl_4\/1995S\/27179718\/nxy201.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T01:31:20Z","timestamp":1751765480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022316622164266"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":267,"alternative-id":["S0022316622164266"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/nxy201","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3166"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3166","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND): Vitamin B-12 Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/nxy201","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2018 American Society for Nutrition. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}