{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:06:34Z","timestamp":1792785994679,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","funder":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program"},{"name":"National Institute of Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z01-ES044005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01-ES044005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z1AES103332-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z1AES103332-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hair products may contain hazardous chemicals with endocrine-disrupting and carcinogenic properties. Previous studies have found hair product use to be associated with a higher risk of hormone-sensitive cancers including breast and ovarian cancer; however, to our knowledge, no previous study has investigated the relationship with uterine cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined associations between hair product use and incident uterine cancer among 33\u200a947 Sister Study participants aged 35-74 years who had a uterus at enrollment (2003-2009). In baseline questionnaires, participants in this large, racially and ethnically diverse prospective cohort self-reported their use of hair products in the prior 12\u2009months, including hair dyes; straighteners, relaxers, or pressing products; and permanents or body waves. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to quantify associations between hair product use and uterine cancer using Cox proportional hazard models. All statistical tests were 2-sided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over an average of 10.9\u2009years of follow-up, 378 uterine cancer cases were identified. Ever vs never use of straightening products in the previous 12\u2009months was associated with higher incident uterine cancer rates (HR\u2009=\u20091.80, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.88). The association was stronger when comparing frequent use (&amp;gt;4 times in the past 12\u2009months) vs never use (HR\u2009=\u20092.55, 95% CI = 1.46 to 4.45; Ptrend\u2009=\u2009.002). Use of other hair products, including dyes and permanents or body waves, was not associated with incident uterine cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings are the first epidemiologic evidence of association between use of straightening products and uterine cancer. More research is warranted to replicate our findings in other settings and to identify specific chemicals driving this observed association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djac165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T16:51:55Z","timestamp":1661532715000},"page":"1636-1645","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Use of Straighteners and Other Hair Products and Incident Uterine\u00a0Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0352-7572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Che-Jung","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie M","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of 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