{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:15:32Z","timestamp":1785928532945,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001006","name":"Breast Cancer Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center","award":["P30CA013696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA013696"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sedative-hypnotic medications are used to treat chemotherapy-related nausea, anxiety, and insomnia. However, prolonged sedative-hypnotic use can lead to dependence, misuse, and increased health-care use. We aimed to estimate the rates at which patients who receive adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer become new persistent users of sedative-hypnotic medications, specifically benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics (Z-drugs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using the MarketScan health-care claims database, we identified sedative-hypnotic\u2013na\u00efve patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Patients who filled 1 and more prescriptions during chemotherapy and 2 and more prescriptions up to 1 year after chemotherapy were classified as new persistent users. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds of new persistent use and associated characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified 22\u200a039 benzodiazepine-na\u00efve patients and 23\u200a816 Z-drug\u2013na\u00efve patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy from 2008 to 2017. Among benzodiazepine-na\u00efve patients, 6159 (27.9%) filled 1 and more benzodiazepine prescriptions during chemotherapy, and 963 of those (15.6%) went on to become new persistent users. Among Z-drug\u2013na\u00efve patients, 1769 (7.4%) filled 1 and more prescriptions during chemotherapy, and 483 (27.3%) became new persistent users. In both groups, shorter durations of chemotherapy and receipt of opioid prescriptions were associated with new persistent use. Medicaid insurance was associated with new persistent benzodiazepine use (odds ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.43 to 2.47) compared with commercial or Medicare insurance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients who receive sedative-hypnotic medications during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer are at risk of becoming new persistent users of these medications after chemotherapy. Providers should ensure appropriate sedative-hypnotic use through tapering dosages and encouraging nonpharmacologic strategies when appropriate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djac170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T21:00:15Z","timestamp":1663621215000},"page":"1698-1705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["New and Persistent Sedative-Hypnotic Use After Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4036-7838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob C","family":"Cogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN, USA"},{"name":"Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center , New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit R","family":"Raghunathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joseph L. 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