{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T01:33:59Z","timestamp":1792892039992,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI069924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI069924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AI069924-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI069924-09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"SNSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320030_169967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030_169967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"SNSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HIV_DAA3-16-62705-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIV_DAA3-16-62705-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020"},{"name":"Swiss School of Public Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The main risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva (SCCC) are immunodeficiency and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Little is known about SCCC epidemiology among people with HIV (PWH) in South Africa.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used data from the South African HIV Cancer Match study, a nation-wide cohort of PWH in South Africa, created through a privacy-preserving probabilistic record linkage of HIV-related laboratory records from the National Health Laboratory Service and cancer records from the National Cancer Registry from 2004 to 2014. We calculated crude incidence rates, analyzed trends using joinpoint models, and estimated hazard ratios for different risk factors using Royston-Parmar flexible parametric survival models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 5\u200a247\u200a968 PWH, 1059 cases of incident SCCC were diagnosed, for a crude overall SCCC incidence rate of 6.8 per 100\u200a000 person-years. The SCCC incidence rate decreased between 2004 and 2014, with an annual percentage change of \u201210.9% (95% confidence interval: \u201213.3 to \u20128.3). PWH residing within latitudes 30\u00b0S to 34\u00b0S had a 49% lower SCCC risk than those residing at less than 25\u00b0S latitude (adjusted hazard ratio\u2009=\u20090.67; 95% confidence interval: 0.55 to 0.82). Other risk factors for SCCC were lower CD4 counts and middle age. There was no evidence for an association of sex or settlement type with SCCC risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An increased risk of developing SCCC was associated with lower CD4 counts and residence closer to the equator, indicative of higher ultraviolet radiation exposure. Clinicians and PWH should be educated on known SCCC preventive measures, such as maintaining high CD4 counts and protection from ultraviolet radiation through sunglasses and sunhats when outdoors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T16:21:12Z","timestamp":1687969272000},"page":"1213-1219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Decreasing incidence of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in people with HIV in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1331-8280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carole","family":"Metekoua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service , Johannesburg, South Africa"},{"name":"Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern , Bern, 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