{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T22:55:47Z","timestamp":1787784947725,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Program of Cancer Registries: Colorado","award":["NU58DP006347-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU58DP006347-01"]}]},{"name":"District of Columbia","award":["NU62PS924565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU62PS924565"]}]},{"name":"District of Columbia","award":["5U58DP003875-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U58DP003875-01"]}]},{"name":"District of Columbia","award":["NU58DP006332-03-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU58DP006332-03-00"]}]},{"name":"District of Columbia","award":["NU58DP006333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU58DP006333"]}]},{"name":"District of Columbia","award":["NU58DP006271-04-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU58DP006271-04-00"]}]},{"name":"District of Columbia","award":["17NU58DP006334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17NU58DP006334"]}]},{"name":"District of Columbia","award":["NU58\/DP003931-05-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU58\/DP003931-05-00"]}]},{"name":"District of Columbia","award":["6NU58\/DP006309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6NU58\/DP006309"]}]},{"name":"District of Columbia","award":["1NU58DP006281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1NU58DP006281"]}]},{"name":"District of Columbia","award":["5 NU58DP006308-04-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 NU58DP006308-04-00"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP006302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP006302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma of the anus for which rates are nearly 20-fold higher in people with HIV than in the general population in the United States. We describe trends in anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnosis and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus following anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III by HIV status and sex.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used data from a population-based linkage between cancer and HIV registries in 11 US states; Puerto Rico; and Washington, DC, during 1996-2019. We identified all individuals with a diagnosis of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III and determined their HIV status. We estimated the average annual percentage change of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III using Poisson regression stratified by HIV status and sex. We estimated the 5-year cumulative incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus following an anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnosis stratified by sex, HIV status, and prior AIDS diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among people with HIV, average annual percentage changes for anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III were 15% (95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u200912% to 17%) per year among females and 12% (95% CI\u2009=\u200911% to 14%) among males. Average annual percentage changes for those without HIV were 8% (95% CI\u2009=\u20097% to 8%) for females and 8% (95% CI\u2009=\u20096% to 9%) for males. Among people with HIV, a prior AIDS diagnosis was associated with a 2.7-fold (95% CI\u2009=\u20092.23 to 3.40) and 1.9-fold (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.72 to 2.02) increased risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnosis for females and males, respectively. Five-year cumulative incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus following anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III for people with HIV with a prior AIDS diagnosis were 3.4% and 3.7% for females and males, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rates of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnoses have increased since 1996, particularly for people with HIV, likely influenced by increased screening. A prior AIDS diagnosis was strongly associated with risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T17:59:56Z","timestamp":1693072796000},"page":"97-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia trends and subsequent invasive anal cancer in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8211-0806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cameron B","family":"Haas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A","family":"Engels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel M","family":"Palefsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0435-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan A","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aim\u00e9e R","family":"Kreimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianlai","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7791-2698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth M","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baozhen","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health , Albany, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen S","family":"Pawlish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Department of Health , Trenton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Analise","family":"Monterosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services , Austin, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith S","family":"Shiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2024011012475546000_djad176-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz219","article-title":"Recent trends in squamous cell carcinoma of the anus incidence and mortality in the United States, 2001-2015","volume":"112","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011012475546000_djad176-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1200\/JClinOncol.2017.74.9291","article-title":"Anal cancer risk among people with HIV infection in the United States","volume":"36","author":"Colon-Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin 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