{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:48:19Z","timestamp":1793137699140,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA CP010125\u201328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA CP010125\u201328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread and environmentally persistent chemicals with immunotoxic properties. Children are prenatally exposed through maternal transfer of PFAS to cord blood, but no studies have investigated the relationship with childhood leukemia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We measured maternal serum levels of 19 PFAS in first-trimester samples collected in 1986-2010 and evaluated associations with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in full-term offspring (aged younger than 15\u2009years) for 400 cases and 400 controls in the Finnish Maternity Cohort, matched on sample year, mother\u2019s age, gestational age, birth order, and child\u2019s sex. We analyzed continuous and categorical exposures, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) via conditional logistic regression adjusted for maternal smoking and correlated PFAS (\u03c1 \u2265 \u00b10.3). We also stratified by calendar period, mean diagnosis age, and the child\u2019s sex.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid was associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in continuous models (per each doubling in levels: ORperlog2\u2009=\u20091.22, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.07 to 1.39), with a positive exposure-response across categories (OR&amp;gt;90th percentile\u2009=\u20092.52, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.33 to 4.78; Ptrend\u2009=\u2009.01). Although we found no relationship with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid overall, an association was observed in samples collected in 1986-1995, when levels were highest (median\u2009=\u200917.9\u2009\u00b5g\/L; ORperlog2\u2009=\u20094.01, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.62 to 9.93). A positive association with perfluorononanoic acid was suggested among first births (Pinteraction\u2009=\u2009.06). The N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid association was mainly limited to children diagnosed before age 5 years (Pinteraction\u2009=\u2009.02). We found no consistent patterns of association with other PFAS or differences by sex.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These novel data offer evidence of a relationship between some PFAS and risk of the most common childhood cancer worldwide, including associations with the highest levels of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid and with a precursor, N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T17:48:08Z","timestamp":1702403288000},"page":"728-736","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Maternal serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and childhood acute lymphoblastic 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Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7168-1611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannu","family":"Kiviranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panu","family":"Rantakokko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jani","family":"Koponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle N","family":"Medgyesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & 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