{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:31:44Z","timestamp":1792794704526,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Research and Education Fund"},{"name":"Academy of Neurological Surgeons"},{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine Dean"},{"name":"Medical Student Research Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ea83075","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ea83075","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Roderick D. MacDonald Fund"},{"name":"Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Research Fund","award":["GF0010215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GF0010215"]}]},{"name":"Christopher Davidson and Knight Family Fund"},{"name":"Duesenberg Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>World Health Organization Grade 2 meningiomas (G2Ms) often recur and resist therapies. Grade 2 meningiomas with histopathological necrosis have been associated with worse local control (LC) after radiation therapy, but the drivers and biomarkers of radiation resistance in G2Ms remain unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed genetic sequencing and histopathological analysis of 113 G2Ms and investigated the role of genetic and microenvironmental factors on clonogenic survival after ionizing radiation. We performed transcriptional profiling of our in vitro model and 18 human G2M tumors by bulk RNA sequencing as well as 8 G2Ms by single nuclei RNA sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NF2 loss-of-function (LOF) mutations were associated with necrosis in G2Ms (P\u2009=\u2009.0127). Tumors with NF2 mutation and necrosis had worse post-radiation LC compared to NF2 wildtype tumors without necrosis (P\u2009=\u2009.035). Under hypoxic conditions, NF2 knockdown increased radiation resistance in vitro (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Bulk RNA sequencing revealed NF2- and hypoxia-specific changes and a 50-gene set signature specific to radiation-resistant, NF2 knockdown, and hypoxic cells, which distinguished NF2 mutant\/necrotic patient G2Ms by unsupervised clustering. Enrichment analysis revealed downregulation of apoptosis pathway genes and upregulation of proliferation-associated genes and genes normally downregulated after UV radiation exposure in NF2-mutant\/necrotic tumor cells, which were validated with functional assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NF2 LOF in the setting of hypoxia confers radiation resistance through transcriptional programs that reduce apoptosis and promote proliferation. These pathways may identify tumors resistant to radiation and represent therapeutic targets that in the future could improve LC in patients with radiation resistant G2Ms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaf022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T15:30:09Z","timestamp":1737991809000},"page":"1175-1187","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["NF2 loss-of-function and hypoxia drive radiation resistance in grade 2 meningiomas"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8062-7310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhuvic","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Taylor\u00a0Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO 63110,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"The Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO 63110,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5179-5232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangami","family":"Pugazenthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taylor\u00a0Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO 63110,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3730-2793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Collin W","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Baylor School of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8310-3077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay","family":"Nitturi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Baylor School of 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