{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:10:36Z","timestamp":1789521036983,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000102","name":"Health Resources and Services Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030692","name":"Intramural Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"American Society of Clinical Oncology Dr. Judith and Alan Kaur Endowed Young Investigator"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014549","name":"Stanford Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014549","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008308","name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SCI Women\u2019s Cancer Center Innovation"},{"name":"SCI Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Pilot"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have increased cancer risk, which may differ across racial groups. Cancer risk among Asian American and Pacific Islander SOTRs is ill-defined.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated Asian, Pacific Islander, and White SOTRs from a linkage of the United States SOTR registry with 34 cancer registries (1990-2019). We calculated age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) to compare cancer risk between races and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) to measure risk relative to race-matched general populations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compared with Asian SOTRs, Pacific Islander SOTRs had notably higher incidence of pancreatic cancer (aIRR\u2009=\u20093.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.6 to 8.6) and melanoma (aIRR\u2009=\u20096.7, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.2 to 36). Compared with White SOTRs, Asian and Pacific Islander SOTRs had lower melanoma incidence but higher nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence. Compared with the general population, Asian SOTRs had increased risk of cancers of the anus (SIR\u2009=\u20097.9, 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.6 to 15), penis (SIR\u2009=\u20098.9, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.9 to 21), non-epithelial skin (SIR\u2009=\u20099.8, 95% CI\u2009=\u20095.4 to 17), kidney (SIR\u2009=\u20095.3, 95% CI\u2009=\u20094.3 to 6.5), and renal pelvis (SIR\u2009=\u20097.4, 95% CI\u2009=\u20093.7 to 13); non-Hodgkin lymphoma including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (NHL\/CLL) (SIR\u2009=\u20096.4, 95% CI\u2009=\u20095.6 to 7.3); Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR\u2009=\u20096.1, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.8 to 12); and Kaposi sarcoma (SIR\u2009=\u200915, 95% CI\u2009=\u20096.6 to 30). Compared with the general population, Pacific Islander SOTRs had increased risk of cancers of the anus (SIR = 12, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.5 to 45), pancreas (SIR\u2009=\u20093.3, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.3 to 6.8), non-epithelial skin (SIR\u2009=\u20099.3, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.1 to 34), and thyroid (SIR\u2009=\u20093.4, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.2 to 7.4); NHL\/CLL (SIR\u2009=\u20094.5, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.3 to 7.9); and Kaposi sarcoma (SIR\u2009=\u200971, 95% CI\u2009=\u20098.6 to 258).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Asian, Pacific Islander, and White SOTRs all experienced elevated cancer risk compared with their race-matched general population. Different cancer risks in these racial groups might be explained by differences in risk factors in the general population or unique features of SOTRs in these groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djaf069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T09:03:22Z","timestamp":1742634202000},"page":"1456-1464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Spectrum of cancer risk in Asian American and Pacific Islander solid organ transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2899-0248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7064-4424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaimie Z","family":"Shing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3832-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly J","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6073-2591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aim\u00e9e R","family":"Kreimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7842-1225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei-Chin","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans, LA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen S","family":"Pawlish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Department of Health, New Jersey State Cancer Registry , Trenton, NJ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Jersey Department of Health, New Jersey State Cancer Registry , Trenton, NJ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8407-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baozhen","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Cancer Epidemiology , Albany, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8232-1056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judy R","family":"Rees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8493-3868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kekoa","family":"Taparra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University , Palo Alto, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8891-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline B","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0203-6958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric A","family":"Engels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1592","article-title":"Spectrum of cancer risk among US solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"306","author":"Engels","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14140","article-title":"Cancer in solid organ transplant recipients: there is still much to learn and do","volume":"17","author":"Engels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.6487","article-title":"Leading causes of death among Asian American compared with Pacific Islander individuals","volume":"185","author":"Vo","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B4","author":"OMH"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B5","author":"OMH"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B6","first-page":"1540","article-title":"End-stage kidney disease doubles","volume":"327","author":"Kuehn","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-01038-6","article-title":"Cancer health disparities in racial\/ethnic minorities in the United States","volume":"124","author":"Zavala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/onco.13748","article-title":"Disparities in cancer care and the Asian American population","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21335","article-title":"Cancer statistics for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders, 2016: converging incidence in males and females","volume":"66","author":"Torre","year":"2016","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.20.00831","article-title":"Navigating Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander cancer disparities from a cultural and historical perspective","volume":"17","author":"Taparra","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol Oncol Pract"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202950","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.2950","article-title":"Differences in stage of cancer at diagnosis, treatment, and survival by race and ethnicity among leading cancer types","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12066","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in cancer risk after kidney transplantation","volume":"13","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B13","author":"Engels"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B14","author":"SEER"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkad012","article-title":"Human papillomavirus-associated cancer incidence by disaggregated Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islander ethnicity","volume":"7","author":"Shing","year":"2023","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(99)70185-4","article-title":"Skin cancer in kidney and heart transplant recipients and different long-term immunosuppressive therapy regimens","volume":"40","author":"Jensen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2022.03.276","article-title":"The age-dependent association of risk factors with pancreatic cancer","volume":"33","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.02.003","article-title":"Substance use and suicide in Pacific Islander, American Indian, and multiracial youth","volume":"54","author":"Subica","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-022-04227-3","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States","volume":"149","author":"Tanaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.5657","article-title":"Skin cancer risk factors and screening among Asian American individuals","volume":"158","author":"Supapannachart","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.312","article-title":"Melanoma risk and survival among organ transplant recipients","volume":"135","author":"Robbins","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49968","DOI":"10.2196\/49968","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal cancer incidence and mortality in 185 countries in 2020 and the projected burden in 2040: population-based global epidemiological profiling","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2012.04209.x","article-title":"Malignancies after kidney transplantation: Hong Kong renal registry","volume":"12","author":"Cheung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36685","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13124","article-title":"De novo malignancy in organ transplant recipients in Taiwan: a nationwide cohort population study","volume":"8","author":"Tsai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14120879","article-title":"Comparative analysis of aristolochic acids in Aristolochia medicinal herbs and evaluation of their toxicities","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-022-00494-x","article-title":"Aristolochic acid-associated cancers: a public health risk in need of global action","volume":"22","author":"Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-015-0161-3","article-title":"Mutation signatures implicate aristolochic acid in bladder cancer development","volume":"7","author":"Poon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11614","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2024.11614","article-title":"Incidence of de novo post-transplant malignancies in Thai adult kidney transplant recipients: a single-center, population-controlled, retrospective cohort study at the highest volume kidney transplant center in Thailand","volume":"37","author":"Srisuwarn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-1110-3","article-title":"Cancer risk after renal transplantation in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"19","author":"Heo","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83784","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11965","article-title":"Nationwide population-based study reveals increased malignancy risk in Taiwanese liver transplant recipients","volume":"7","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29958","article-title":"Cancer incidence among Asian American populations in the United States, 2009-2011","volume":"138","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.15181","article-title":"Risk of lung cancer in lung transplant recipients in the United States","volume":"19","author":"Triplette","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3530","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163530","article-title":"De novo cancer incidence after kidney transplantation in South Korea from 2002 to 2017","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B35","first-page":"85","article-title":"Prostate cancer screening and management in solid organ transplant candidates and recipients","volume":"21","author":"Becher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16318","article-title":"Pretransplant solid organ malignancy and organ transplant candidacy: a consensus expert opinion statement","volume":"21","author":"Al-Adra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2025070619565820600_djaf069-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2017.10.002","article-title":"Cancer evaluation in the assessment of solid organ transplant candidates: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines","volume":"32","author":"Acuna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transplant Rev (Orlando)"}],"container-title":["JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnci\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jnci\/djaf069\/62494261\/djaf069.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnci\/article-pdf\/117\/7\/1456\/62494261\/djaf069.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnci\/article-pdf\/117\/7\/1456\/62494261\/djaf069.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T23:57:12Z","timestamp":1751846232000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnci\/article\/117\/7\/1456\/8088315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djaf069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8874","1460-2105"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8874","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2105","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]}}}