{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:10:12Z","timestamp":1790842212734,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Office of the Under Secretary of Defense\u2014Health Affairs","award":["HQ003422F001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HQ003422F001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AG028747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG028747"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adverse health events have been reported among US\u00a0service members who served at Karshi-Khanabad (K2) Air Base, Uzbekistan, but prior studies of cancer risk had key limitations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A nested case-control study to assess the association between K2 deployment and cancer outcomes among military personnel deployed between 2001 and 2005. Eight malignant outcomes (brain, colorectal, liver, urinary tract, pancreatic, prostate, leukemia, non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma [NHL]) were identified via health records from the Department of Defense and Veterans Administration through 2022. Cases were matched to controls (1:100) on age, sex, and health system usage. Covariate-adjusted conditional logistic regression models estimated outcome likelihood by exposure surrogates without and with lagging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 619\u00a0403 service members, 15\u00a0031 (2.3%) were deployed at least once to K2 (median duration 130\u2009days). We identified cancer cases (count; cumulative incidence per 10\u00a0000) for brain (450; 7.3), colorectal (1542; 25.0), liver (113; 1.8), urinary tract (1831; 29.7), pancreatic (417; 6.8), prostate (5165; 83.6), leukemia (707; 11.5), and NHL (1700; 27.5). Across 7\u00a0of 8\u00a0outcomes, there were no associations between deployment and case status. In contrast, each additional month of deployment increased the odds of NHL by 13% (95% CI = 4% to 23%) and deployment &amp;gt;180\u2009days was associated with higher odds (OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.08 to 2.94). When lagging exposure by 12-15\u2009years, these associations strengthened (range: OR=2.38 [95% CI = 1.17 to 4.82] to OR=3.09 [95% CI = 1.73 to 5.52]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term K2 deployment was associated with increased likelihood of non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma. Careful clinical monitoring and continued follow-up of this cohort for cancer and other outcomes are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djag050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T12:26:43Z","timestamp":1771331203000},"page":"1238-1247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Deployment to Karshi-Khanabad Air Base, Uzbekistan between 2001 and 2005 and subsequent risk of specific cancers among US service members"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4668-9803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke C","family":"Mullany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda D","family":"Emmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia H","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1903-7087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven M","family":"Babin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0667-9467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard S","family":"Burkom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1923-8388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quinn A","family":"Aithinne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brant W","family":"Chee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A","family":"Wojcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Feighner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Obenauer-Motley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2496-0965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John D","family":"Sorkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine Departments of Medicine and Surgery, , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6941-0898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brock A","family":"Beamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine Departments of Medicine and Surgery, , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6724-8201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brajesh K","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine Departments of Medicine and Surgery, , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Vascular Service, VA Maryland Health Care System , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0739-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian S","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy M","family":"Carruth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory , Laurel, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B1","author":"CHPPM-EUR","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04753-4","article-title":"Exposure to airborne dust contaminated with pesticide in the Aral Sea region","volume":"355","author":"O\u2019Hara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/9133","volume-title":"Permissible Exposure Levels for Selected Military Fuel Vapors","author":"National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on Permissible Exposure Levels for Military Fuels","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B4","author":"Service Members Say Rare Cancers and Other Illnesses Linked to Contaminated Base.;","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B5","first-page":"68","article-title":"Evaluation of postdeployment cancers among active duty military personnel","author":"Sharkey","year":"2015","journal-title":"US Army Med Dep J"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B6","author":"Smith","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B7","author":"Mabila"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys147","article-title":"Case-control studies: basic concepts","volume":"41","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2023.06.023","article-title":"A flexible matching strategy for matched nested case-control studies","volume":"86","author":"Ratanatharathorn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B10","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B11"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B12"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e633","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00149-2","article-title":"Benzene exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies","volume":"5","author":"Rana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7070","article-title":"Pesticide product use and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in women","volume":"112","author":"Kato","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115506","article-title":"Modeling historic environmental pollutant exposures and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk","volume":"224","author":"Boyle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3380","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8083380","article-title":"Insights from epidemiology into dichloromethane and cancer risk","volume":"8","author":"Cooper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026070708464721100_djag050-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000231279.30988.4d","article-title":"Occupational exposure to solvents and the risk of lymphomas","volume":"17","author":"Miligi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiology (Fairfax)"}],"container-title":["JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnci\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jnci\/djag050\/66976289\/djag050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnci\/article-pdf\/118\/7\/1238\/66976289\/djag050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnci\/article-pdf\/118\/7\/1238\/66976289\/djag050.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:48:32Z","timestamp":1783428512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnci\/article\/118\/7\/1238\/8489773"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djag050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8874","1460-2105"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8874","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2105","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]}}}