{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:06:33Z","timestamp":1792785993583,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001006","name":"Breast Cancer Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BCRF-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BCRF-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001006","name":"Breast Cancer Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001006","name":"Breast Cancer Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAC100008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAC100008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"American Cancer Society Research Professorship","award":["CRP-24-1187963-01-PROF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP-24-1187963-01-PROF"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e463172","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast cancer (BC) diagnosed during pregnancy or postpartum often presents with aggressive features, potentially influenced by hormonal, immunological, and tissue remodeling changes. Studies have suggested that postpartum BC may be associated with worse outcomes, though most evidence is retrospective and constrained by methodological limitations. This study evaluated associations between pregnancy history, recency of childbirth, and long-term outcomes in a prospective cohort of young patients with early-stage BC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients aged \u226440\u2009years with stage I\u2013III BC enrolled in the Young Women\u2019s Breast Cancer Study were categorized at diagnosis as nulligravid, nulliparous, pregnant, or parous (\u22645 vs 5 to 10\u2009years postpartum). Analyses were stratified by BC subtype (estrogen receptor-positive [ER+]\/HER2\u2212, HER2+, and triple-negative [TNBC]), with distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) as the primary endpoint.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 859 patients, 257 (29.9%) were nulligravid, 50 (5.8%) nulliparous, 37 (4.3%) pregnant, and 515 (60.0%) parous. Pregnant patients had proportionally more TNBC, nodal involvement, T3\/T4, and grade 3 tumors. After 11.1\u2009years median follow-up, pregnancy or postpartum status was not independently associated with DRFS in multivariable models adjusted for age, tumor characteristics, and treatment, with consistent findings across ER+\/HER2\u2212, HER2+, and TNBC subtypes. Sensitivity analyses, including further categorization of postpartum diagnoses (&amp;lt;2 vs 2 to 5\u2009years), yielded consistent results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnancy history and recency of childbirth were not independently associated with long-term DRFS. Despite more aggressive features at diagnosis, patients diagnosed during or after pregnancy had comparable outcomes after adjustment, suggesting no adverse prognostic impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT01468246 (https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT01468246? term=NCT01468246&amp;rank=1).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djag152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T12:08:35Z","timestamp":1778760515000},"page":"1933-1941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pregnancy history, recency of childbirth, and outcomes in young women with early-stage breast 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