{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:11:27Z","timestamp":1790716287345,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025-02373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-02373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dietary nitrate exposure originates from vegetables and drinking water, and is, together with nitrite, used as food additives in animal products. Both compounds can generate N-nitroso compounds, some of which are known animal carcinogens. However, epidemiological evidence regarding nitrate and nitrite intake in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and its subsites remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nitrate and nitrite intake was assessed by linking a food and drinking water database to food frequency questionnaires completed in 1997 and updated in 2009 and 2019, by 82\u2009009 middle-aged to elderly men and women of 2 population-based cohorts from the Swedish Infrastructure for Medical Population-based Life-course and Environmental Research. We ascertained incident CRC through the Swedish Cancer Registry from 1998 to 2022. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to evaluate exposure-outcome associations, presented as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We ascertained 3170 CRC cases. No associations were observed for nitrate intake with CRC. In contrast, when comparing the highest with the lowest quintile, nitrite intake was associated with a dose-dependent higher risk of CRC in men (HR 1.23; 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.43; Ptrend\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05) but not in women. CRC subsite analyses in men indicated the strongest association for distal colon cancer (HR 1.50; 95% CI = 1.13 to 1.98).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A higher nitrite intake was associated with a higher CRC risk in men, particularly distal colon cancer. These findings indicate potential sex differences and differential susceptibilities across the colorectum in nitrite-related cancer risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djag271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T12:03:10Z","timestamp":1785585790000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nitrate and nitrite intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5035-438X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0174-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon O","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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