{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T19:51:21Z","timestamp":1792612281974,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Sixth Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Digestive System Tumours has introduced 2 new categories of gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), reflecting recent data on subtypes that do not conform to the 3 established subtypes: type 1 (associated with autoimmune gastritis), type 2 (associated with Zollinger\u2013Ellison Syndrome), and type 3 (sporadic). The new type 4 category is exceptionally rare and is caused by endogenous dysfunction of parietal cell proton pumps, potentially secondary to mutation of ATP4A. Type 5 gastric NETs are caused by chronic pharmacologic inhibition of the parietal cell proton pump, typically due to proton pump inhibitor use, and are increasingly common. Given the relatively low malignant potential of the new subtypes compared with sporadic (type 3) gastric NETs, it is important that clinicians and pathologists recognize these entities, limiting radical surgical resections when unnecessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djag320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:47:43Z","timestamp":1788954463000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expansion of the World Health Organization gastric neuroendocrine tumor classification: introducing types 4 and 5"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8405-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Strosberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyali","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center , Nashville, TN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory Y","family":"Lauwers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mintallah","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center , Tampa, FL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8460-1257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thorvardur R","family":"Halfdanarson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center , Rochester, MN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102115370380800_djag320-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2515798","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.15798","article-title":"Epidemiology of neuroendocrine neoplasms in the US","volume":"8","author":"Dasari","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026102115370380800_djag320-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1255564","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the stomach (gastric carcinoids) are on the rise: small tumors, small problems?","volume":"42","author":"Scher\u00fcbl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2026102115370380800_djag320-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-025-04340-x","article-title":"Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the stomach. 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