{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T03:32:47Z","timestamp":1794022367917,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Epidemiologic studies of PFAS and liver cancer risk have produced conflicting results with no strong or clear associations for pre-diagnostic perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS). We now report analyses of nine additional PFAS in a nested case-control study within 12 prospective cohorts (853 cases, 853 matched controls) in the United States. Using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios per 90th vs. 10th percentile increase in PFAS levels. Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) was positively associated with liver cancer risk (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.26\u20132.52); no associations were observed for other PFAS. Significant heterogeneity was observed by sex, cancer subtype, and time from blood collection. Associations were stronger among males (OR: 3.72, 95% CI: 2.10\u20136.59), for hepatocellular carcinoma (4.53, 2.59\u20137.94), and for those diagnosed \u226410 years after blood collection (3.17, 1.80\u20135.57). Given continued use of short-chain PFAS in consumer products, further research on their effects on liver health is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djag325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T13:23:03Z","timestamp":1789651383000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances levels other than PFOS, PFOA, or PFHxS and liver cancer risk: a nested case-control analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Cody Z","family":"Watling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L","family":"Petrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Slone Epidemiology Center, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry I","family":"Graubard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyokyoung G","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuehong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University School of Nursing, , New Haven, CT,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Yale University Department of Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, , New Haven, CT,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Department of Nutrition, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, , Seattle, WA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mollie E","family":"Barnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Slone Epidemiology Center, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Heather Eliassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Department of Nutrition, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Hospital and Harvard Medical School Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Michael","family":"Gaziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae H","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital and Harvard Medical School Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Koshiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erikka","family":"Loftfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven C","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorelei A","family":"Mucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian L","family":"Neuhouser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, , Seattle, WA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina C","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Cancer Society Department of Population Science, , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard D","family":"Sesso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Shrubsole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center , Nashville, TN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Tinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, , Seattle, WA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Triplette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, , Seattle, WA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline Y","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Cancer Society Department of Population Science, , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kala","family":"Visvanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Wactawski-Wende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, , Buffalo, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor L","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter C","family":"Willett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T.H. 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