{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:43:26Z","timestamp":1792453406593,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01CA214194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CA214194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2CCA271894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2CCA271894"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA20108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA20108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24CA248265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24CA248265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research Project","award":["PJT156357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT156357"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Research Chair"},{"name":"MBP Excellence OSTOF"},{"name":"Paul Starita Graduate Student Fellowship"},{"name":"SCACE Graduate Fellowship in Prostate Cancer Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urine is an attractive biomarker analyte for noninvasive longitudinal monitoring of health and disease, particularly for diseases of the genitourinary tract, such as prostate and bladder cancer. The composition of an individual\u2019s urine reflects both genetic and lifestyle characteristics that differ across geographies and populations, such as diet, hydration, and other socioeconomic factors. Although men of African ancestry have elevated prostate cancer risk, it is unclear to what extent this influences urinary biomarkers. We therefore quantified the urinary proteomes of 329 localized prostate cancer patients: 135 self-identifying as White and 194 self-identifying as Black. We identified 110 proteins that significantly differed between these groups after controlling for age, PSA, and cISUP. Immune pathways were particularly dysregulated. The urinary proteome of Black patients harbored more features of cancers presented as higher grade than those of grade- and PSA-matched White patients. These observations highlight the importance of controlling for race- and ancestry-associated differences in the development of urinary biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djag329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:47:37Z","timestamp":1789127257000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ancestry-dependent immunological and prognostic effects characterize the prostate cancer urinary proteome"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8740-4125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4218-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaron","family":"Arbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2510-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuyu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8917-918X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4527-4323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian P","family":"Main","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Macon and Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences Eastern Virginia Medical School at Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meinusha","family":"Govindarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4537-1502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Waas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network , Toronto,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6851-0857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanley K","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto , Toronto,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute Biological Sciences, , Toronto,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9927-4869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O John","family":"Semmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Macon and Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences Eastern Virginia Medical School at Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Macon and Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences Eastern Virginia Medical School at Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2854-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julius O","family":"Nyalwidhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Macon and Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences Eastern Virginia Medical School at Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Macon and Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences Eastern Virginia Medical School at Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-7520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul C","family":"Boutros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, University of California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Institute for Precision Health, University of California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Urology, University of California 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