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Variables with different associations with NHL and HL were identified using marginal Cox models. All statistical tests were two-sided.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 41 420 people followed for 337 020 person-years, 392 developed NHL (incidence rate = 1.17\/1000 person-years of follow-up [PYFU], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06 to 1.30) and 149 developed HL (incidence rate = 0.44\/1000 PYFU, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.38 to 0.52). Higher risk of both NHL and HL was associated with lower current CD4 cell count (adjusted HR [aHR] of NHL for CD4 &lt;100 vs\u2009&gt;\u2009599 cells\/mm3 = 8.08, 95% CI\u2009=\u20095.63 to 11.61; HL\u2009=\u20094.58, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.22 to 9.45), whereas higher current HIV viral load (aHR of NHL for HIV-VL &gt;1000 vs\u2009&lt;\u200950 copies\/mL = 1.97, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.50 to 2.59) and higher AUC of HIV-VL (aHR of NHL for highest vs lowest quintile = 2.91, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.92 to 4.41) were associated with NHL only. Both current and AUC of HIV-VL were factors that had different associations with NHL and HL, where the hazard ratio for NHL was progressively higher than for HL with increasing HIV-VL category. Lower current CD4 cell count had a strong but similar association with both NHL and HL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD4 depletion increased risk of both types of lymphomas while current and accumulated HIV-VL was associated with NHL only. This suggests that NHL development is related to both CD4 cell depletion and added immune dysfunction derived from ongoing HIV replication. This latter factor was not associated with HL risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,30]],"date-time":"2017-10-30T20:12:48Z","timestamp":1509394368000},"page":"598-607","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Differences in Virological and Immunological Risk Factors for Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Leah","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lene","family":"Ryom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 2100, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Battegay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Bonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU de Bordeaux and INSERM U1219, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, and HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Pradier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Grulich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Sabin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Lundgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 2100, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 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