{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:14:33Z","timestamp":1790781273114,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["1164455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1164455"]}]},{"name":"VicHealth and Cancer Council Victoria"},{"name":"Australian NHMRC","award":["209057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["209057"]}]},{"name":"Australian NHMRC","award":["251553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["251553"]}]},{"name":"Australian NHMRC","award":["504711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["504711"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000951","name":"Cancer Council Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1011618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1011618"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1026892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1026892"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1027505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1027505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1050198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1050198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1043616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1043616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1074383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1074383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Victorian Cancer Agency Early Career Research Fellow","award":["ECRF19020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECRF19020"]}]},{"name":"NHMRC Senior Research Fellow","award":["1061177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1061177"]}]},{"name":"Monash University, Melbourne, Australia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We previously investigated the association between 5 \u201cfirst-generation\u201d measures of epigenetic aging and cancer risk in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. This study assessed cancer risk associations for 3 recently developed methylation-based biomarkers of aging: PhenoAge, GrimAge, and predicted telomere length.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We estimated rate ratios (RRs) for the association between these 3 age-adjusted measures and risk of colorectal (N\u2009=\u2009813), gastric (N\u2009=\u2009165), kidney (N\u2009=\u2009139), lung (N\u2009=\u2009327), mature B-cell (N\u2009=\u2009423), prostate (N\u2009=\u2009846), and urothelial (N\u2009=\u2009404) cancer using conditional logistic regression models. We also assessed associations by time since blood draw and by cancer subtype, and we investigated potential nonlinearity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed relatively strong associations of age-adjusted PhenoAge with risk of colorectal, kidney, lung, mature B-cell, and urothelial cancers (RR per SD was approximately 1.2-1.3). Similar findings were obtained for age-adjusted GrimAge, but the association with lung cancer risk was much larger (RR per SD\u2009=\u20091.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.44 to 2.30), after adjustment for smoking status, pack-years, starting age, time since quitting, and other cancer risk factors. Most associations appeared linear, larger than for the first-generation measures, and were virtually unchanged after adjustment for a large set of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric variables. For cancer overall, the comprehensively adjusted rate ratio per SD was 1.13 (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.07 to 1.19) for PhenoAge and 1.12 (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.05 to 1.20) for GrimAge and appeared larger within 5\u2009years of blood draw (RR\u2009=\u20091.29, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.15 to 1.44 and 1.19, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.06 to 1.33, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The methylation-based measures PhenoAge and GrimAge may provide insights into the relationship between biological aging and cancer and be useful to predict cancer risk, particularly for lung cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkaa109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T15:24:34Z","timestamp":1604503474000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Biological Aging Measures Based on Blood DNA Methylation and Risk of Cancer: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Pierre-Antoine","family":"Dugu\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council, Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie K","family":"Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council, Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ee Ming","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JiHoon E","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8696-8594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenglong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3017-0871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enes","family":"Makalic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole Wong","family":"Doo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council, Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel D","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison M","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer 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Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham G","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council, Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa C","family":"Southey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council, Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 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