{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:39:56Z","timestamp":1784785196788,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"US government"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Menopausal users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are at increased breast cancer risk and decreased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk compared with individuals who have never used HRT, but these opposing associations may differ by familial risk of breast cancer and CRC. We harmonized data from 3 cohorts and generated separate breast cancer and CRC familial risk scores based on cancer family history. We defined moderate or strong family history as a risk score of 0.4 or higher, where 0.4 was equivalent to a 50-year-old woman with 1 parent diagnosed with either breast cancer or CRC at 55\u2009years of age. Of 24\u200a486 women assessed, 1243 and 405 were diagnosed with incident breast cancer and CRC, respectively. For breast cancer, menopausal HRT ever use versus never use hazard ratios were 1.27 (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.11 to 1.45) for a breast cancer familial risk score below 0.4 and 1.01 (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.82 to 1.25) for a breast cancer familial risk score of 0.4 or higher (Pdifference\u2009=\u2009.08). For CRC, menopausal HRT hazard ratios were 0.63 (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.50 to 0.78) for a CRC familial risk score below 0.4 and 1.21 (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.73 to 2.00) for a CRC familial risk score of 0.4 or higher (Pdifference\u2009=\u2009.03). Associations with menopausal HRT use that apply to the general population may not hold for women at moderate or strong familial risk of these cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkae121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,14]],"date-time":"2024-12-14T12:23:57Z","timestamp":1734179037000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Menopausal hormone therapy: assessing associations with breast and colorectal cancers by familial risk"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1627-5047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J","family":"MacInnis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria , East Melbourne, VIC 3002,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3053,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8964-6160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3053,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Cancer Research Centre, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3053,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5764-7268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger L","family":"Milne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria , East Melbourne, VIC 3002,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3053,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University , Clayton, VIC 3800,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3259-8003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther M","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA 94305,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA 94305,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA 94305,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary B","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, PA 19111,","place":["United 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Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3053,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne, VIC 3052,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne , VIC 3010,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"kConFab Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5013-980X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loic","family":"Le Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI 96813,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polly A","family":"Newcomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Department, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, WA 98109,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda I","family":"Phipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Department, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, WA 98109,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5931-1194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie L","family":"Schmit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH 44196,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Population and Cancer Prevention Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center , Cleveland, OH 44106,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4035-9678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Finlay A","family":"Macrae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital , VIC 3052,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2225-6675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel D","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Centre, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3053,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital , Parkville, VIC 3052,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6998-9414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Gallinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 1X5,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research , Toronto, ON M5G 1M1,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Hepatobiliary\/Pancreatic Surgical Oncology Program, University Health Network , Toronto, ON M5G 2C4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2692-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rish K","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic , Scottsdale, AZ 85259,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9740-9696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niloy J","family":"Samadder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Phoenix, AZ 85259,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4946-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham G","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria , East Melbourne, VIC 3002,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3053,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC 3800,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6313-9005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa C","family":"Southey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria , East Melbourne, VIC 3002,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University , Clayton, VIC 3800,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8567-173X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John L","family":"Hopper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3053,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4106-5033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Beth","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, NY 10032,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University , New York, NY 10032,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030418410255700_pkae121-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003731","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003731","article-title":"Menopausal hormone therapy and women's health: An umbrella review","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS 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