{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:14:18Z","timestamp":1789470858284,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#187861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#187861"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health Intramural Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24ES035386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24ES035386"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01CA164974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CA164974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services through contracts","award":["75N92021D00001, 75N92021D00002, 75N92021D00003, 75N92021D00004, 75N92021D00005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92021D00001, 75N92021D00002, 75N92021D00003, 75N92021D00004, 75N92021D00005"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"NCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 167552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 167552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005995","name":"WHS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA047988, CA182913, HL043851, HL080467 and HL099355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA047988, CA182913, HL043851, HL080467 and HL099355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005277","name":"PHS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA34944, CA40360, CA097193, HL26490 and HL34595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA34944, CA40360, CA097193, HL26490 and HL34595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CARET","award":["U01CA63673, UM1CA167462, and U01CA167462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CA63673, UM1CA167462, and U01CA167462"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030707","name":"SCCS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 CA202979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 CA202979"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030827","name":"NHS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1 CA186107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 CA186107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, and contracts from the Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, NIH, DHHS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bile acids are produced in the liver and are important for lipid digestion. Higher-circulating bile acid levels, however, have been linked to metabolic disorders, inflammation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, which have been implicated in liver carcinogenesis. To date, few epidemiological studies have explored the association between circulating bile acids and liver cancer risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a nested case-control study among 12 prospective cohort studies located in the United States. Fifteen prediagnostic circulating bile acids were measured from blood samples among 872 individuals who developed liver cancer and 872 matched control participants. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression analysis of circulating bile acid levels and liver cancer risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary conjugated bile acid concentrations were positively associated with higher risk of liver cancer (OR per doubling in concentrations [log2] and 95% CI of glycocholic acid: 1.32, 1.24 to 1.40; glycochenodeoxycholic acid: 1.33, 1.24 to 1.43; taurocholic acid: 1.28, 1.22 to 1.35; and taurchenodeoxycholic acid: 1.32, 1.24 to 1.39). Secondary conjugated bile acids were also positively associated with liver cancer risk (doubling of concentrations OR ranged from 1.11 to 1.22). Unconjugated bile acid concentrations were generally not associated with liver cancer risk, except lithocholic acid (OR per doubling: 1.27, 1.16 to 1.39). When analyses were separated into the 2 main subtypes of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; 438 cases\/438 controls) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC; 111 cases\/111 controls), significant heterogeneity was observed for primary conjugated bile acid concentrations (all P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) that showed positive significant associations with HCC but not ICC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that bile acids may be important markers of HCC risk and contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis; however, further research using serial measurements is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkaf086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T11:43:00Z","timestamp":1757763780000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pre-diagnostic circulating bile acid concentrations and liver cancer risk: a nested case-control analysis of 12 cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Cody Z","family":"Watling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6580-450X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L","family":"Petrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6787-1105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barry I","family":"Graubard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8260-8508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuehong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Yale University , New Haven, CT,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1028-1091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, WA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2648-8692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie E","family":"Buring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1519-4894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3961-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A Heather","family":"Eliassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5384-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J Michael","family":"Gaziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1043-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan N","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4440-3368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4812-0557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae H","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3832-6204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jill","family":"Koshiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3573-8748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erikka","family":"Loftfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1083-6907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8169-1661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven C","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2551-4927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorelei A","family":"Mucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3876-0000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marian L","family":"Neuhouser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, WA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1471-5608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina C","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6534-335X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie R","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1177-3108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark P","family":"Purdue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2760-2987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9698-9954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard D","family":"Sesso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5591-7575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha","family":"Shrubsole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center , Nashville, TN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Tinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, WA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7421-4720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Triplette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center , Seattle, WA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5449-6230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline Y","family":"Um","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society , Atlanta, GA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0582-8005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kala","family":"Visvanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9229-2589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor L","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3096-9595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Wactawski-Wende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1458-7597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Willett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0997-0890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1226-070X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center , Nashville, TN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5549-2036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter T","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9954-8628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh","family":"Barupal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2329-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine A","family":"McGlynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute , Rockville, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djab079","article-title":"The mortality and overall survival trends of primary liver cancer in the United States","volume":"113","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0120574","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120574","article-title":"Geographic variation of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Altekruse","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31288","article-title":"Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"73","author":"McGlynn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.05.013","article-title":"The contributions of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer worldwide","volume":"45","author":"Perz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu020","article-title":"Alcohol and liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"25","author":"Turati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0007-z","article-title":"Tobacco, alcohol use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: The Liver Cancer Pooling Project","volume":"118","author":"Petrick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.02.16.24302944","article-title":"Adiposity and cancer: meta-analysis, mechanisms, and future perspectives","author":"Watts","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6076","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-0787","article-title":"Body mass index, waist circumference, diabetes, and risk of liver cancer for U.S. adults","volume":"76","author":"Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.08.024","article-title":"Risk of hepatocellular cancer in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"155","author":"Kanwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29971","article-title":"Population attributable fractions of risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States","volume":"122","author":"Makarova-Rusher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.08.012","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk-stratification of NAFLD-associated HCC","volume":"75","author":"Ioannou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16948","article-title":"Circulating bile acid concentrations and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Guatemala","volume":"56","author":"Rivera-Andrade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-314307","article-title":"Suppressed hepatic bile acid signalling despite elevated production of primary and secondary bile acids in NAFLD","volume":"67","author":"Jiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29359","article-title":"The presence and severity of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with specific changes in circulating bile acids","volume":"67","author":"Puri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.09.032","article-title":"Bile acid metabolism and signalling in liver disease","volume":"82","author":"Fuchs","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.2003","article-title":"A prospective investigation of serum bile acids with risk of liver cancer, fatal liver disease, and biliary tract cancer","volume":"6","author":"Farhat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33051","article-title":"Prediagnostic concentrations of circulating bile acids and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: REVEAL-HBV and HCV studies","volume":"147","author":"Petrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13112648","article-title":"Association between pre-diagnostic serum bile acids and hepatocellular carcinoma: the Singapore Chinese Health Study","volume":"13","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33885","article-title":"Prediagnostic alterations in circulating bile acid profiles in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"150","author":"Stepien","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.58","article-title":"Reproductive factors, exogenous hormone use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among US women: results from the Liver Cancer Pooling Project","volume":"112","author":"McGlynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B22","first-page":"56","article-title":"The Black Women\u2019s Health Study: a follow-up study for causes and preventions of illness","volume":"50","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972)"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B23","first-page":"2038s","article-title":"The beta-carotene and retinol efficacy trial (CARET) for chemoprevention of lung cancer in high risk populations: smokers and asbestos-exposed workers","volume":"54","author":"Omenn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B24","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10197","article-title":"The American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort: rationale, study design, and baseline characteristics","volume":"94","author":"Calle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199010113231504","article-title":"Coffee, caffeine, and cardiovascular disease in men","volume":"323","author":"Grobbee","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.1997.6.49","article-title":"The Nurses\u2019 Health Study: 20-year contribution to the understanding of health among women","volume":"6","author":"Colditz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02633522","article-title":"Endogenous hormones and breast cancer: a prospective cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Toniolo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198907203210301","article-title":"Final report on the aspirin component of the ongoing Physicians\u2019 Health Study","volume":"321","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251s","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(00)00097-0","article-title":"The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial of the National Cancer Institute: history, organization, and status","volume":"21","author":"Gohagan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0245","article-title":"The Southern Community Cohort Study: investigating health disparities","volume":"21","author":"Signorello","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00043-7","article-title":"Implementation of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative study design","volume":"13","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1089\/152460900318911","article-title":"Baseline characteristics of participants in the Women\u2019s Health Study","volume":"9","author":"Rexrode","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Womens Health Gend Based Med"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6793","article-title":"Statistical methods for studying disease subtype heterogeneity","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.104990","article-title":"Prediagnostic plasma metabolite concentrations and liver cancer risk: a population-based study of Chinese men","volume":"100","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33236","article-title":"Metabolic perturbations prior to hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis: findings from a prospective observational cohort study","volume":"148","author":"Stepien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-17-0249","article-title":"Metabolomics profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Korean Prospective Cohort: the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II","volume":"11","author":"Jee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00566-7","article-title":"Role of bile acids and their receptors in gastrointestinal and hepatic pathophysiology","volume":"19","author":"Fuchs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00404-2","article-title":"The role of farnesoid X receptor in metabolic diseases, and gastrointestinal and liver cancer","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2015.04.003","article-title":"Bile acid metabolism and signaling in cholestasis, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"74","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2013.tb00517.x","article-title":"Bile acid metabolism and signaling","volume":"3","author":"Chiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.08.016","article-title":"Gut microbiome in HCC \u2013 mechanisms, diagnosis and therapy","volume":"72","author":"Schwabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1331","article-title":"Role of the gut-liver axis in liver inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer: a special focus on the gut microbiota relationship","volume":"3","author":"Ohtani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.025","article-title":"Role of bile acids in the gut-liver axis","volume":"68","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2024.06.003","article-title":"Understanding gut dysbiosis for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and treatment","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00805-x","article-title":"Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease","volume":"21","author":"Collins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30219","article-title":"Dysregulated hepatic bile acids collaboratively promote liver carcinogenesis","volume":"139","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1785-z","article-title":"Bile acid metabolites control T(H)17 and T(reg) cell differentiation","volume":"576","author":"Hang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1865-0","article-title":"Microbial bile acid metabolites modulate gut ROR\u03b3(+) regulatory T cell homeostasis","volume":"577","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl4100","article-title":"Bile acid synthesis impedes tumor-specific T cell responses during liver cancer","volume":"387","author":"Varanasi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15035","article-title":"Serum bile acid patterns are associated with the presence of NAFLD in twins, and dose-dependent changes with increase in fibrosis stage in patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD","volume":"49","author":"Caussy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1490","article-title":"Bile acid changes associated with liver fibrosis and steatosis in the Mexican-American population of South Texas","volume":"4","author":"Kwan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27159","article-title":"Binding of hepatitis B virus to its cellular receptor alters the expression profile of genes of bile acid metabolism","volume":"60","author":"Oehler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.51","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives consensus statement from the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS-CCA)","volume":"13","author":"Banales","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.03.044","article-title":"A mouse model of cholestasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma and transcription factors involved in progression","volume":"141","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G31","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00536.2002","article-title":"Bile acids activate EGF receptor via a TGF-alpha-dependent mechanism in human cholangiocyte cell lines","volume":"285","author":"Werneburg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27085","article-title":"Conjugated bile acids promote cholangiocarcinoma cell invasive growth through activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-21-0361","article-title":"Reproducibility, temporal variability, and concordance of serum and fecal bile acids and short chain fatty acids in a population-based study","volume":"30","author":"Farhat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2012.199133","article-title":"Reproducibility of metabolomic profiles among men and women in 2 large cohort studies","volume":"59","author":"Townsend","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025100911361284100_pkaf086-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2009.11.019","article-title":"High performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of bile acid concentrations in human plasma","volume":"878","author":"Xiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"}],"container-title":["JNCI Cancer Spectrum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jncics\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jncics\/pkaf086\/64285642\/pkaf086.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jncics\/article-pdf\/9\/5\/pkaf086\/64285642\/pkaf086.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jncics\/article-pdf\/9\/5\/pkaf086\/64285642\/pkaf086.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T15:36:24Z","timestamp":1760024184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jncics\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jncics\/pkaf086\/8255829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jncics\/pkaf086","relation":{},"ISSN":["2515-5091"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2515-5091","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"article-number":"pkaf086"}}