{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:47:38Z","timestamp":1791928058158,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Office of Scholarly Engagement, Program in Medical Education at Harvard Medical School"},{"name":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Pan Mass Challenge Team Janet\u2019s Mafia"},{"name":"Best Fitness Gyms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Limited data on the timing of brain metastases development and subsequent prognosis by breast cancer subtype exist. We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 671 patients diagnosed with brain metastases secondary to breast cancer. Patients were categorized by subtype: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+), hormone receptor-positive\/HER2-negative (HR+\/HER2\u2212), and triple negative (TN). We found significant heterogeneity in the timing of brain metastases development and subsequent prognosis by subtype. Patients with HR+\/HER2\u2212 disease developed brain metastases later in the disease course compared to patients with HER2+ and TN disease. Median overall survival (OS) following the diagnosis of brain metastases was shortest in patients with TN disease; however, among all subtypes, OS decreased with an increasing number of systemic therapies received before the diagnosis of brain metastases. Altogether, these findings may inform differential timing of brain-directed screening imaging in patients with breast cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkag098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:42:30Z","timestamp":1790077350000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Timing and prognosis of brain metastasis development in breast cancer by subtype"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2321-2711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narmeen S","family":"Rashid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayan","family":"Lamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA,","place":["United 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K","family":"Tanguturi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9443-1797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rifaquat","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2378-4800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daphne A","family":"Haas-Kogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA,","place":["United 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A","family":"Aizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, MA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101317221802100_pkag098-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa285","article-title":"The incidence of brain metastases among patients with metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Kuksis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026101317221802100_pkag098-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-811161-1.00006-2","article-title":"Brain metastasis: clinical manifestations, symptom management, and palliative care","volume":"149","author":"Noh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb Clin 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