{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T14:49:55Z","timestamp":1792853395668,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008363","name":"Danish Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#R119-A7545;#R96-A6385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#R119-A7545;#R96-A6385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Previous cognitive behavioral therapies for informal caregivers (ICs) have produced negligible effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in a randomized controlled trial, the efficacy of Emotion Regulation Therapy adapted for caregivers (ERT-C) on psychological and inflammatory outcomes in psychologically distressed ICs and the cancer patients cared for.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 81 ICs with elevated psychological distress were randomly assigned to ERT-C or a waitlist condition and assessed pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. In 52 cases, the patient cared for by the IC was included. Patients did not receive ERT-C. Both the ERT-C and waitlist groups were followed 3 and 6\u2009months post-treatment. Data were analyzed with multilevel models, and P values were two-sided.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compared with ICs in the waitlist condition, ICs in the ERT-C condition experienced medium to large statistically significant reductions in psychological distress (Hedge\u2019s g\u2009=\u20090.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.40 to 1.32, P &amp;lt; .001), worry (g\u2009=\u20090.96, 95% CI = 0.50 to 1.42, P &amp;lt; .001), and caregiver burden (g\u2009=\u20090.53, 95% CI = 0.10 to 1.99, P = .007) post-treatment. No statistically significant effects were found for rumination (g\u2009=\u20090.24, 95% CI = \u22120.20 to 0.68, P = .220). Results concerning caregiver burden were maintained through 6\u2009months follow-up. Although the effects on psychological distress and worry diminished, their end-point effects remained medium to large. No statistically significant effects on systemic inflammation were detected (C-reactive protein: g = .17, 95% CI = \u22120.27 to 0.61, P = .570; interleukin-6: g = .35, 95% CI = \u22120.09 to 0.79, P = .205; tumor necrosis factor-alpha: g = .11, 95% CI = \u22120.33 to 0.55, P = .686). Patients whose ICs attended ERT-C experienced a large increase in quality of life post-treatment (g\u2009=\u20090.88, 95% CI = 0.18 to 1.58, P = .017).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of ERT-C for ICs. Given the previous disappointing effects of other cognitive behavioral therapies for this population, the present findings are very encouraging. Identifying ICs with elevated psychological distress and providing them with relevant psychotherapy appears an important element of comprehensive cancer care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkz074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T11:37:38Z","timestamp":1568115458000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A Randomized Controlled Trial of Emotion Regulation Therapy for Psychologically Distressed Caregivers of Cancer Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Mia S","family":"O\u2019Toole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas S","family":"Mennin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Applebaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britta","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Rose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6736-3912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M","family":"Fresco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Zachariae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Psychooncology and Health Psychology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2020042107254088500_pkz074-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E359","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012","volume":"136","author":"Ferlay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020042107254088500_pkz074-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.134.1.1","article-title":"Distress in couples coping with cancer: a meta-analysis and critical review of role and gender effects","volume":"134","author":"Hagedoorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020042107254088500_pkz074-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.04.018","article-title":"A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between the psychological distress of cancer patients and their careers","volume":"60","author":"Hodges","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020042107254088500_pkz074-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2000.00914.x","article-title":"Psychosocial morbidity in prostate cancer: II. 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