{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T03:27:12Z","timestamp":1780975632267,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"70","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000867","name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Tobacco use is related to persistent health disparities and is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. The negative effects of tobacco on health have been a longstanding public health issue. Historically, the US response to the detrimental impact of smoking has been related to taxes and public bans. Although these interventions have reduced overall smoking rates, little has been done to reduce tobacco-related disparities, especially among racial and ethnic minority groups, low-income groups, and rural populations. As the immediate past president of the National Medical Association, I am deeply committed to addressing the toll that tobacco use has taken on marginalized communities. Tobacco-related disparities have created a public health crisis that disproportionately affects marginalized communities. It is time we shift the paradigm in how we approach these disparities and seek innovative, community-centered solutions to reduce tobacco use and improve health outcomes within a structured timeline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgaf031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T22:48:45Z","timestamp":1755038925000},"page":"281-286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["How long does it take to reduce tobacco-related disparities? Changing the paradigm and looking toward new solutions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2980-0074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yolanda","family":"Lawson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OBGYN, Immediate Past President National Medical Association, Department of OBGYN, Baylor University Medical Center , Dallas, TX,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B1","author":"CDC Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B2"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B3","author":"Office of Minority Health"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B4","author":"Environmental Protection Agency Scientific Advisory Board Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B5","first-page":"475","author":"Cornelius"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B6","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B7","first-page":"101119","article-title":"Smoking cessation among African Americans: A review of current interventions","volume":"19","author":"Lawrence","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev Med Rep"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B8","first-page":"447","article-title":"Social determinants of tobacco use in racial and ethnic minorities: the changing landscape of tobacco use","volume":"39","author":"Leventhal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B9","author":"American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Facts & Figures"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B10","volume-title":"U.S. Cancer Statistics Lung Cancer Stat Bite","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B11","author":"CDC Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/107327481602300405","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in the epidemiology of lung cancer and the lung cancer genome","volume":"23","author":"Schabath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B13","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B14","author":"Arnett"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B15","author":"US Department of HHA Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon General Report","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.2441","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequality in respiratory health in the US From 1959 to 2018","volume":"181","author":"Gaffney","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2025081218483644600_lgaf031-B17","volume-title":"Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. 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