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Current estimates of the environmental and occupational cancer burden account for a relatively small number of exposures, because of challenges in characterizing exposure patterns and human cancer risks. Hence, the environmental cancer burden may be underestimated because of combinations of not having identified all carcinogenic agents, lack of understanding of cancer risks at very low exposure levels of even known carcinogens, and lack of understanding of joint effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The International Agency for Research on Cancer has a long history of addressing these challenges, and of advancing our understanding of occupational and environmental causes of cancer, with primary research predominantly conducted by the Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch. The International Agency for Research on Cancer\u2019s position within the World Health Organization has facilitated the conduct of cross-border collaborations on important and sensitive topics, ranging from asbestos, ionizing radiation, and pesticides to its current work on artisanal petroleum refining. Here, we highlight some important Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology contributions to several areas of occupational and environmental cancer, describe recent progress in other important and emerging exposures, and finally, provide suggestions for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In our constantly changing world, with new products, technologies, and demands transforming our environment and workplaces, there is a continued need for high-quality human cancer investigations of potential occupational and environmental carcinogens, especially those characterizing environmental levels of exposure encountered by the general population in their daily life and in underresearched regions of the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgag003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T12:45:41Z","timestamp":1769604341000},"page":"34-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Environmental and occupational cancer: highlighting research contributions from the IARC on its 60th anniversary"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7458-2128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC\/World Health Organization) , Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1294-4124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura E","family":"Beane Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6602-6292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Deltour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC\/World Health Organization) , Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3912-1718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Foerster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC\/World Health Organization) , Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5166-6871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeny V","family":"Kovalevskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health , Moscow,","place":["Russian Federation"]},{"name":"I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) Department of Occupational Medicine, Aviation, Space and Diving Medicine, , Moscow,","place":["Russian Federation"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4233-1890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Kromhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7397-3442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie","family":"McCormack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC\/World Health Organization) , Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6498-2259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann C","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC\/World Health Organization) , Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4729-1733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgenia","family":"Ostroumova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC\/World Health Organization) , Lyon,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4196-3773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-\u00c9lise","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Armand-Frappier Sant\u00e9 Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique , Laval,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1430-5695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben D","family":"Spycher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern , Bern,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6431-1997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle C","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) , 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