{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T08:41:33Z","timestamp":1793868093160,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"53","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is an oral complication in cancer patients being treated with either antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs. The first reports of MRONJ were published in 2003. Hundreds of manuscripts have been published in the medical and dental literature describing the complication, clinical and radiographic signs and symptoms, possible pathophysiology, and management. Despite this extensive literature, the pathobiological mechanisms by which medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw develops have not yet been fully delineated. The aim of this manuscript is to present current knowledge about the complication ragarding to the definition, known risk factors, and clinical management recommendations. Based on this current state of the science, we also propose research directions that have potential to enhance the management of future oncology patients who are receiving these agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgz009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T23:09:55Z","timestamp":1564787395000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2019","author":[{"given":"Cesar A","family":"Migliorati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T","family":"Brennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas E","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, and Head & Neck Cancer\/Oral Oncology Program, Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.04.031","article-title":"American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons position paper on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw--2014 update","volume":"72","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"10","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.0707onj","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research","volume":"22","author":"Khosla","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(03)00720-1","article-title":"Pamidronate (Aredia) and zoledronate (Zometa) induced avascular necrosis of the jaws: a growing epidemic","volume":"61","author":"Marx","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"22","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4253","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.99.132","article-title":"Bisphosphanates and oral cavity avascular bone necrosis","volume":"21","author":"Migliorati","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2004.02.004","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of bisphosphonates: a review of 63 cases","volume":"62","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-013-0561-6","article-title":"Risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw in cancer patients receiving denosumab: a meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials","volume":"19","author":"Qi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr435","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of osteonecrosis of the jaw: integrated analysis from three blinded active-controlled phase III trials in cancer patients with bone metastases","volume":"23","author":"Saad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2014.12.002","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer treated with bisphosphonates and targeted agents: results of an Italian multicenter study and review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Fusco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3622","article-title":"One year of Romosozumab followed by two years of Denosumab maintains fracture risk reductions: results of the FRAME extension study","volume":"34","author":"Lewiecki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3581","article-title":"Clinically relevant doses of Sclerostin antibody do not induce osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in rats with experimental periodontitis","volume":"34","author":"Hadaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1993.tb01074.x","article-title":"EC-Clearinghouse on oral problems related to HIV infection and WHO collaborating centre on oral manifestations of the immunodeficiency virus","volume":"22","author":"Classification and diagnostic criteria for oral lesions in HIV infection","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med."},{"issue":"9810","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61226-9","article-title":"Denosumab and bone-metastasis-free survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: results of a phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"379","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2015.06.003","article-title":"The frequency of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw and its associated risk factors","volume":"27","author":"Dodson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.2017.1348001","article-title":"Incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with bone metastases treated sequentially with bisphosphonates and denosumab","volume":"73","author":"Loyson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2016.09.005","article-title":"Case-based review of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and application of the international recommendations for management from the international task force on ONJ","volume":"20","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom."},{"issue":"10","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.385","article-title":"Concomitant oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors and bisphosphonates in advanced renal cell carcinoma with bone metastases","volume":"107","author":"Beuselinck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Cancer."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2015.08.007","article-title":"Periodontal disease preceding osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in cancer patients receiving antiresorptives alone or combined with targeted therapies: report of 5 cases and literature review","volume":"120","author":"Nicolatou-Galitis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.379","article-title":"Periodontal disease and bisphosphonates induce osteonecrosis of the jaws in the rat","volume":"26","author":"Aghaloo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2097","article-title":"RANKL inhibitors induce osteonecrosis of the jaw in mice with periapical disease","volume":"29","author":"Aghaloo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.01.003","article-title":"Outcomes following intravenous bisphosphonate infusion in pediatric patients: a 7-year retrospective chart review","volume":"121","author":"Nasomyont","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2015.06.001","article-title":"Pathophysiology of osteonecrosis of the jaws","volume":"27","author":"Aghaloo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.03.019","article-title":"Combination of zoledronic acid and targeted therapy is active but may induce osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma","volume":"71","author":"Smidt-Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0568-z","article-title":"Systemic immunity shapes the oral microbiome and susceptibility to bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"13","author":"Kalyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2015.06.005","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"27","author":"Fung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.12.63","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics to screen for drug-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"13","author":"Zavras","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2010.535511","article-title":"Zoledronic acid therapy impacts risk and frequency of skeletal complications and follow-up duration in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis","volume":"27","author":"Hatoum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin."},{"issue":"19","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6289","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-0666","article-title":"Zoledronic acid markedly improves bone mineral density for patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and bone loss","volume":"14","author":"Berenson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.32.5209","article-title":"American Society of Clinical Oncology executive summary of the clinical practice guideline update on the role of bone-modifying agents in metastatic breast cancer","volume":"29","author":"Van Poznak","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-005-0913-5","article-title":"Bisphosphonates for malignancy-related bone disease: current status, future developments","volume":"14","author":"Body","year":"2006","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer."},{"issue":"20 pt 2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6258s","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-0840","article-title":"Breast cancer: bisphosphonate therapy for metastatic bone disease","volume":"12","author":"Body","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"issue":"9757","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62051-X","article-title":"First-line treatment with zoledronic acid as compared with clodronic acid in multiple myeloma (MRC Myeloma IX): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"376","author":"Morgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8021","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.8021","article-title":"Evaluating the effects of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on overall survival (OS) in patients (Pts) with multiple myeloma (MM): Results of the Medical Research Council (MRC) Myeloma IX study","volume":"28(suppl 15)","author":"Morgan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts)."},{"issue":"20","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707781389600","article-title":"Zoledronic acid - a multiplicity of anti-cancer action","volume":"14","author":"Yuasa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.2174\/157489208786242269","article-title":"Novel anti-cancer strategy in bone tumors by targeting molecular and cellular modulators of bone resorption","volume":"3","author":"Brounais","year":"2008","journal-title":"Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.2174\/187152012799014913","article-title":"Bisphosphonates and breast cancer prevention","volume":"12","author":"Chlebowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anti-cancer Agents Med Chem."},{"key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.16.S3.1","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis","volume":"16(suppl 3)","author":"Watts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E357","article-title":"Discovery, clinical development, and therapeutic uses of bisphosphonates","volume":"39","author":"Licata","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200544060-00001","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics of bisphosphonates: use for optimisation of intermittent therapy for osteoporosis","volume":"44","author":"Cremers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet."},{"issue":"15","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200666150-00002","article-title":"Optimising antiresorptive therapies in postmenopausal women. Why do we need to give due consideration to the degree of suppression?","volume":"66","author":"Karsdal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs."},{"issue":"10","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.10.1700","article-title":"Elimination and biochemical responses to intravenous alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910708601102","article-title":"Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, and clinical applications of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates","volume":"86","author":"Kimmel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dent Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0108","article-title":"Managing the care of patients receiving antiresorptive therapy for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: executive summary of recommendations from the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs","volume":"142","author":"Hellstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc."},{"issue":"20","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6690","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-5234","article-title":"Extended efficacy and safety of denosumab in breast cancer patients with bone metastases not receiving prior bisphosphonate therapy","volume":"14","author":"Lipton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809493","article-title":"Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"361","author":"Cummings","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809003","article-title":"Denosumab in men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer","volume":"361","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"LBA4507","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2010.28.18_suppl.lba4507","article-title":"A randomized phase III trial of denosumab versus zoledronic acid in patients with bone metastases from castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"28(suppl 18)","author":"Fizazi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.13.2.18441","article-title":"Significant addition to treatment options for bone metastasis in prostate cancer","volume":"13","author":"Richardson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Ther."},{"issue":"9768","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62344-6","article-title":"Denosumab versus zoledronic acid for treatment of bone metastases in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a randomised, double-blind study","volume":"377","author":"Fizazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2017.09.014","article-title":"Rapid onset of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients switching from bisphosphonates to denosumab","volume":"125","author":"Yarom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2165\/11532260-000000000-00000","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of bevacizumab for unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/07357900802208608","article-title":"Higher incidence of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ) in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer treated with anti-angiogenic agents","volume":"27","author":"Aragon-Ching","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Invest."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1159\/000201931","article-title":"Combination of bisphosphonates and antiangiogenic factors induces osteonecrosis of the jaw more frequently than bisphosphonates alone","volume":"76","author":"Christodoulou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oncology."},{"issue":"24","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.5424","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw related to bevacizumab","volume":"26","author":"Estilo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2009.10.019","article-title":"Bortezomib and zoledronic acid on angiogenic and vasculogenic activities of bone marrow macrophages in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"46","author":"Moschetta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-010-0866-3","article-title":"Bevacizumab and osteonecrosis of the jaw: incidence and association with bisphosphonate therapy in three large prospective trials in advanced breast cancer","volume":"122","author":"Guarneri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-010-0224-y","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw related to sunitinib","volume":"15","author":"Koch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2018.06.007","article-title":"Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: prevention, diagnosis and management in patients with cancer and bone metastases","volume":"69","author":"Otto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2018.09.008","article-title":"Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: definition and best practice for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"127","author":"Nicolatou-Galitis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21130","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of mandibular and maxillary bone: an emerging oral complication of supportive cancer therapy","volume":"104","author":"Migliorati","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.09.012","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw: who gets it, and why?","volume":"44","author":"Reid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.01.038","article-title":"Mandible matrix necrosis in beagle dogs after 3 years of daily oral bisphosphonate treatment","volume":"66","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1268-4","article-title":"Compromised osseous healing of dental extraction sites in zoledronic acid-treated dogs","volume":"22","author":"Allen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.01.026","article-title":"Inhibition of oral mucosal cell wound healing by bisphosphonates","volume":"66","author":"Landesberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.04.196","article-title":"Is bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw caused by soft tissue toxicity?","volume":"41","author":"Reid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2012.01912.x","article-title":"New approach to analyze genetic and clinical data in bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"18","author":"Balla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-018-4501-x","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw related to non-antiresorptive medications: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Nicolatou-Galitis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2017.10.010","article-title":"Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with targeted therapy as monotherapy and in combination with antiresorptives. A report of 7 cases from the Copenhagen Cohort","volume":"125","author":"Abel Mahedi Mohamed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/09243860500095117","article-title":"Microdamage in porcine alveolar bone due to functional and orthodontic loading","volume":"42","author":"Verna","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Morphol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0952","article-title":"Severely suppressed bone turnover: a potential complication of alendronate therapy","volume":"90","author":"Odvina","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-5-200409070-00023","article-title":"New treatments for brittle bones","volume":"141","author":"Ott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1718-2","article-title":"Role of microcracks in the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2009.01456.x","article-title":"Mandibular necrosis in beagle dogs treated with bisphosphonates","volume":"12","author":"Burr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res."},{"key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.07.027","article-title":"Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the jaws in the maxilla of mice on antiresorptive treatment: a novel ONJ mouse model","volume":"68","author":"de Molon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07504.x","article-title":"Effect of zoledronic acid on oral fibroblasts and epithelial cells: a potential mechanism of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis","volume":"144","author":"Scheper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-1536-3-6","article-title":"A novel soft-tissue in vitro model for bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis","volume":"3","author":"Scheper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2005.00370.x","article-title":"Cytotoxicity analysis of alendronate on cultured endothelial cells and subcutaneous tissue. A pilot study","volume":"21","author":"Moreira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2010.09.068","article-title":"Bisphosphonates inhibit phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3: implications for their effects on innate immune function and osteoclastogenesis","volume":"111","author":"Reuben","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2008.00880.x","article-title":"Inhibition of bone and muscle metastases of lung cancer cells by a decrease in the number of monocytes\/macrophages","volume":"99","author":"Hiraoka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq516","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw and the role of macrophages","volume":"103","author":"Pazianas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41388-4","article-title":"Bisphosphonates used for the treatment of bone disorders inhibit squalene synthase and cholesterol biosynthesis","volume":"33","author":"Amin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Lipid Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650111015","article-title":"Bisphosphonates induce apoptosis in mouse macrophage-like cells in vitro by a nitric oxide-independent mechanism","volume":"11","author":"Rogers","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05835.x","article-title":"Potential pathophysiological mechanisms in osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"1218","author":"Landesberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.07.010","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-induced exposed bone (osteonecrosis\/osteopetrosis) of the jaws: risk factors, recognition, prevention, and treatment","volume":"63","author":"Marx","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1894","article-title":"Periapical disease and bisphosphonates induce osteonecrosis of the jaws in mice","volume":"28","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2007.11.035","article-title":"Identification of microbial biofilms in osteonecrosis of the jaws secondary to bisphosphonate therapy","volume":"66","author":"Sedghizadeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"10","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2009.0049","article-title":"Microbial biofilms in osteomyelitis of the jaw and osteonecrosis of the jaw secondary to bisphosphonate therapy","volume":"140","author":"Sedghizadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511420430","article-title":"A role of oral bacteria in bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"90","author":"Mawardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dent Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1086\/648075","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: the role of actinomyces","volume":"49","author":"Naik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-007-0516-2","article-title":"Actinomycosis of the jaws--histopathological study of 45 patients shows significant involvement in bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis and infected osteoradionecrosis","volume":"451","author":"Hansen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2007.12.001","article-title":"Actinomyces--gathering evidence of human colonization and infection","volume":"14","author":"Hall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anaerobe."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.04.054","article-title":"Clinical comparison of patients with osteonecrosis of the jaws, with and without a history of bisphosphonates administration","volume":"39","author":"Kos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-147884","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is associated with polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 CYP2C8 in multiple myeloma: a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism analysis","volume":"112","author":"Sarasquete","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2011-0202","article-title":"Genomewide pharmacogenetics of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw: the role of RBMS3","volume":"17","author":"Nicoletti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncologist."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2012.01912.x","article-title":"New approach to analyze genetic and clinical data in bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"18","author":"Balla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.05.046","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients treated with denosumab: a multicenter case series","volume":"46","author":"Aljohani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"10","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00009","article-title":"Narrative [corrected] review: bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaws","volume":"144","author":"Woo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-010-0882-1","article-title":"A systematic review of bisphosphonate osteonecrosis (BON) in cancer","volume":"18","author":"Migliorati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer."},{"issue":"12","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2005.0108","article-title":"Managing the care of patients with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis. An American Academy of Oral Medicine position paper","volume":"136","author":"Migliorati","year":"2005","journal-title":". J Am Dent Assoc."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.04.033","article-title":"Nonexposed variant of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: a case series","volume":"123","author":"Fedele","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"issue":"36","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5904","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.9300","article-title":"Natural history of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"26","author":"Badros","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510397196","article-title":"Risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaws: a case-control study from the CONDOR dental PBRN","volume":"90","author":"Barasch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dent Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200507073530120","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw and bisphosphonates","volume":"353","author":"Durie","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.2465","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw in multiple myeloma patients: clinical features and risk factors","volume":"24","author":"Badros","year":"2006","journal-title":". J Clin Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdn526","article-title":"Decreased occurrence of osteonecrosis of the jaw after implementation of dental preventive measures in solid tumour patients with bone metastases treated with bisphosphonates. The experience of the National Cancer Institute of Milan","volume":"20","author":"Ripamonti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdn554","article-title":"Reduction of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) after implementation of preventive measures in patients with multiple myeloma treated with zoledronic acid","volume":"20","author":"Dimopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.10.005","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ): initial discovery and subsequent development","volume":"67","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B107","first-page":"b147","article-title":"Preventive strategies and clinical implications for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a review of 282 patients","volume":"77","author":"Bonacina","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc."},{"issue":"7","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2014.04.009","article-title":"Staging of osteonecrosis of the jaw requires computed tomography for accurate definition of the extent of bony disease","volume":"52","author":"Bedogni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-017-0293-9","article-title":"Panoramic radiographic features that predict the development of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"34","author":"Kubo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Radiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2017.12.028","article-title":"Radiographic patterns of multiple myeloma in the jawbones of patients treated with intravenous bisphosphonates","volume":"149","author":"Faria","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2010-0183","article-title":"Quality of life implications of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"16","author":"Miksad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncologist."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.01.006","article-title":"The role of surgical resection in the management of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws","volume":"67","author":"Carlson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.2011.01091.x","article-title":"Bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a concise review of the literature and a report of a single-centre experience with 151 patients","volume":"41","author":"Vescovi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.01.005","article-title":"Surgical treatment of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: Technical report and follow up of 21 patients","volume":"40","author":"Voss","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.02.024","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of surgical resection of the jaws in cancer patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis","volume":"47","author":"Bedogni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.02.037","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaw in oncology patients treated with bisphosphonates: prospective experience of a dental oncology referral center","volume":"112","author":"Nicolatou-Galitis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod."},{"issue":"12","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.09.024","article-title":"Disease stage and mode of therapy are important determinants of treatment outcomes for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"73","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.07.012","article-title":"Temporal correlation between bisphosphonate termination and symptom resolution in osteonecrosis of the jaw: a pooled case report analysis","volume":"73","author":"Hinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2490","article-title":"OPG-Fc but not zoledronic acid discontinuation reverses osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) in mice","volume":"30","author":"de Molon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2570-8","article-title":"Early effects of parathyroid hormone on bisphosphonate\/steroid-associated compromised osseous wound healing","volume":"25","author":"Kuroshima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019081911052608200_lgz009-B121","first-page":"547","article-title":"Teriparatide therapy for bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw in an elderly Japanese woman with severe osteoporosis","volume":"32","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig."}],"container-title":["JNCI Monographs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jncimono\/article-pdf\/2019\/53\/lgz009\/29186743\/lgz009.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T18:42:43Z","timestamp":1610736163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jncimono\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgz009\/5551354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"53","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgz009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1052-6773","1745-6614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1052-6773","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-6614","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"article-number":"lgz009"}}