{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:13:01Z","timestamp":1790961181651,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]],"date-time":"2020-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Peripheral neuropathy is a common disorder with many possible etiologies including metabolic diseases, inflammatory conditions, infections, malignancy, inherited diseases, drugs, and toxins. In most instances, diagnosis and treatment plan can be established based on clinical presentation, family history, laboratory results, genetic testing, and electrophysiological studies. But in some situations, a peripheral nerve biopsy remains a valuable tool. This is especially true in patients with rapidly progressive disease, with atypical presentation or for whom other approaches fail to yield a definitive diagnosis. The pathologic examination starts with basic decisions about specimen triage. A few basic questions help to provide an initial framework for the assessment of a nerve biopsy\u2014is the specimen adequate; are there inflammatory changes; are there vascular changes; is there amyloid; are there changes to axonal density and the Schwann cell-myelin-axon unit. In the appropriate context and with such an approach peripheral nerve biopsies can still represent a clinically helpful test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlaa012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T14:17:50Z","timestamp":1584109070000},"page":"355-364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["What Every Neuropathologist Needs to Know: Peripheral Nerve Biopsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5679-0692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rati","family":"Chkheidze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9506-4709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Pytel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0094-6","article-title":"The epidemiology and risk factors of chronic polyneuropathy","volume":"31","author":"Hanewinckel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.4.310","article-title":"Epidemiology of peripheral neuropathy","volume":"62","author":"Martyn","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.05.004","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy: A practical approach to diagnosis and symptom management","volume":"90","author":"Watson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.13611","article-title":"Distal symmetric polyneuropathy: A review","volume":"314","author":"Callaghan","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2013.02.001","article-title":"Pattern-recognition approach to neuropathy and neuronopathy","volume":"31","author":"Barohn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.2347","article-title":"The importance of rare subtypes in diagnosis and treatment of peripheral neuropathy: A review","volume":"72","author":"Callaghan","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.03.002","article-title":"Incidence rates and treatment of neuropathic pain conditions in the general population","volume":"137","author":"Dieleman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040867","article-title":"Leprous neuropathy: An American perspective","volume":"18","author":"Nations","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2018.1489240","article-title":"Value of nerve biopsy in the management of peripheral neuropathies","volume":"18","author":"Mathis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07311-8","volume-title":"Biopsy Diagnosis of Peripheral Neuropathy","author":"Bilbao","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.17118.1","article-title":"An update on the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic somatic and autonomic neuropathy","volume":"8","author":"Azmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-013-0229-6","article-title":"Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy","volume":"15","author":"Dimachkie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.12.002","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Wijdicks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1558977","article-title":"Toxic neuropathies","volume":"35","author":"Karam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12298","article-title":"Small-fiber neuropathy: Expanding the clinical pain universe","volume":"24","author":"Sopacua","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802395-2.00031-6","article-title":"Diseases of the peripheral nerves","volume":"145","author":"Katona","year":"2017","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(81)90184-2","article-title":"Renaut body distribution at sites of human peripheral nerve entrapment","volume":"49","author":"Jefferson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(83)90202-2","article-title":"The experimental production of Renaut bodies","volume":"62","author":"Ortman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/103.2.315","article-title":"A distinct form of adult polyglucosan body disease with massive involvement of central and peripheral neuronal processes and astrocytes: A report of four cases and a review of the occurrence of polyglucosan bodies in other conditions such as Lafora\u2019s disease and normal ageing","volume":"103","author":"Robitaille","year":"1980","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25017","article-title":"Polyglucosan bodies in intramuscular nerve branches are a poor predictor of GBE1 mutation and adult polyglucosan body disease","volume":"53","author":"Furtado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.07.028","article-title":"Blau syndrome, clinical and genetic aspects","volume":"12","author":"Sfriso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80394-2","article-title":"Familial granulomatous arthritis, iritis, and rash","volume":"107","author":"Blau","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.76","article-title":"Continued high prevalence and adverse clinical impact of human immunodeficiency virus-associated sensory neuropathy in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: The CHARTER study","volume":"67","author":"Ellis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B24","first-page":"243","article-title":"HIV-related neuropathy: Current perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Sch\u00fctz","year":"2013","journal-title":"HIV AIDS (Auckl)"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410250606","article-title":"Spinal cord and peripheral nerve pathology in AIDS: The roles of cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"25","author":"Grafe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B26","first-page":"1106","article-title":"Guillain-Barre syndrome with cytomegalovirus infection of peripheral nerves","volume":"109","author":"Bishopric","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.11.003","article-title":"A critical appraisal of the mild axonal peripheral neuropathy of late neurologic Lyme disease","volume":"87","author":"Wormser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314674","article-title":"Histopathological findings in the central and peripheral nervous systems in neuroborreliosis. A report of three cases","volume":"237","author":"Meurers","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294661","article-title":"Peripheral nerve disorders in Lyme-borreliosis","volume":"79","author":"Meier","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1177\/1941874414535215","article-title":"Peripheral nervous system manifestations of infectious diseases","volume":"4","author":"Brizzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurohospitalist"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B31","first-page":"887","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy: Differential diagnosis and management","volume":"81","author":"Azhary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B32","first-page":"289","article-title":"Peripheral nervous system manifestations in systemic autoimmune diseases","volume":"9","author":"Cojocaru","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maedica (Buchar)"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90195-9","article-title":"Sural nerve biopsy in systemic necrotizing vasculitis","volume":"71","author":"Wees","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.31.10.1217","article-title":"Symmetric sarcoid polyneuropathy: Analysis of a sural nerve biopsy","volume":"31","author":"Nemni","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410070213","article-title":"Sarcoid polyneuropathy: A histologically proved case","volume":"7","author":"Oh","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691650","article-title":"Sarcoidosis of the peripheral nerve: A histological and ultrastructural study of two cases","volume":"58","author":"Vital","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1159\/000115728","article-title":"Sarcoidosis of the peripheral nerve: Clinical, electrophysiological and histological study of two cases","volume":"23","author":"Galassi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf027","article-title":"Nerve granulomas and vasculitis in sarcoid peripheral neuropathy: A clinicopathological study of 11 patients","volume":"125","author":"Said","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1972.00490100032002","article-title":"Sensory perineuritis","volume":"26","author":"Asbury","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.42","article-title":"The nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathies","volume":"13","author":"Collins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.013","article-title":"Peripheral nerve vasculitis: Classification and disease associations","volume":"37","author":"Gwathmey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2010.00281.x","article-title":"Peripheral nerve society guideline on the classification, diagnosis, investigation, and immunosuppressive therapy of non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy: Executive summary","volume":"15","author":"Collins","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1996.tb00798.x","article-title":"Peripheral nerve amyloidosis","volume":"6","author":"Reilly","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(06)12004-2","article-title":"Characterization of systemic amyloid deposits by mass spectrometry","volume":"412","author":"Murphy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Meth Enzymol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.261","article-title":"Mass spectrometric-based proteomic analysis of amyloid neuropathy type in nerve tissue","volume":"68","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B47","first-page":"423","article-title":"Experiments on the section of the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves of the frog, and observations of the alterations produced thereby in the structure of their primitive fibres","volume":"140","author":"Waller","year":"1850","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4049","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2565-2","article-title":"Wallerian demyelination: Chronicle of a cellular cataclysm","volume":"74","author":"Tricaud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.12.023","article-title":"axon self-destruction: New links among SARM1, MAPKs, and NAD+ metabolism","volume":"89","author":"Gerdts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2014.05.001","article-title":"Signaling mechanisms regulating Wallerian degeneration","volume":"27","author":"Freeman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.205000","article-title":"Axon degeneration: Make the Schwann cell great again","volume":"12","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-060909-153248","article-title":"Wallerian degeneration, WLd(S), and NMNAT","volume":"33","author":"Coleman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3680","article-title":"Wallerian degeneration: An emerging axon death pathway linking injury and disease","volume":"15","author":"Conforti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00093","article-title":"The complex work of proteases and secretases in Wallerian degeneration: Beyond neuregulin-1","volume":"13","author":"Pellegatta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23200","article-title":"Schwann cell dedifferentiation-associated demyelination leads to exocytotic myelin clearance in inflammatory segmental demyelination","volume":"65","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00481","article-title":"A mechanistic understanding of axon degeneration in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy","volume":"11","author":"Fukuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2016.04.006","article-title":"Axonopathy in peripheral neuropathies: Mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for regeneration","volume":"76","author":"Landowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1482-4","article-title":"Role of macrophages in Wallerian degeneration and axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury","volume":"130","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294225","article-title":"Morphological changes in IgM paraproteinaemic neuropathy","volume":"80","author":"Jacobs","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlx111","article-title":"Nerve biopsy is still useful in some inherited neuropathies","volume":"77","author":"Duchesne","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2013.01.009","article-title":"Inherited peripheral neuropathies","volume":"31","author":"Saporta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23775","article-title":"Inherited neuropathies: Clinical overview and update","volume":"48","author":"Klein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2016.06.007","article-title":"Hereditary neuropathies: An update","volume":"172","author":"Stojkovic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B64","volume-title":"GeneReviews","author":"Bird"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-1382-IPASRW","article-title":"Intraneural perineurioma: A systematic review with illustrative cases","volume":"131","author":"Boyanton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2024032523314221600_nlaa012-B66","first-page":"91","article-title":"Hereditary neuropathies","volume":"115","author":"Eggermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuropathology &amp; Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnen\/article-pdf\/79\/4\/355\/32963370\/nlaa012.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnen\/article-pdf\/79\/4\/355\/32963370\/nlaa012.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T23:46:01Z","timestamp":1711410361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnen\/article\/79\/4\/355\/5804971"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnen\/nlaa012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3069","1554-6578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3069","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-6578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,18]]}}}