{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:33:51Z","timestamp":1790879631877,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Project Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"DARPA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Preventing Violent Explosive Neurologic Trauma \u201cPREVENT\u201d Research Program","award":["N66001-10-C-2123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N66001-10-C-2123"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The neuropathology of mild traumatic brain injury in humans resulting from exposure to explosive blast is poorly understood as this condition is rarely fatal. A large animal model may better reflect the injury patterns in humans. We investigated the effect of explosive blasts on the constrained head minimizing the effects of whole head motion. Anesthetized Yucatan minipigs, with body and head restrained, were placed in a 3-walled test structure and exposed to 1, 2, or 3 explosive blast shock waves of the same intensity. Axonal injury was studied 3\u2009weeks to 8\u2009months postblast using \u03b2-amyloid precursor protein immunohistochemistry. Injury was confined to the periventricular white matter as early as 3\u20135\u2009weeks after exposure to a single blast. The pattern was also present at 8\u2009months postblast. Animals exposed to 2 and 3 blasts had more axonal injury than those exposed to a single blast. Although such increases in axonal injury may relate to the longer postblast survival time, it may also be due to the increased number of blast exposures. It is possible that the injury observed is due to a condition akin to mild traumatic brain injury or subconcussive injury in humans, and that periventricular injury may have neuropsychiatric implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlaa026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T21:28:49Z","timestamp":1589059729000},"page":"605-617","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Periventricular White Matter Alterations From Explosive Blast in a Large Animal Model: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury or \u201cSubconcussive\u201d Injury?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Jung H","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"Goodrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Situ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amedeo","family":"Rapuano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoby","family":"Hetherington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FD NeuroTechnologies Inc. , Ellicott City, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ORA Inc., Fredericksburg , Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Medical Training , McKinney, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted","family":"Westmoreland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Medical Training , McKinney, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, F. 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