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Both subacute inflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms appear to play significant roles in the pathogenesis. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) inclusions are a common co-pathology in several neurodegenerative disorders with diverse pathogenesis. In the present study, we examined brains of 16 autopsied SSPE patients for the presence of TDP-43 pathology and possible associations with tau pathology. Immunohistochemical staining identified TDP-43 inclusions in 31% of SSPE cases. TDP-43 pathology was widely distributed in the brains, most severely in the atrophied cerebral cortex (temporal and parietal), and most frequently as tangle- and thread-like neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. It was associated with longer disease duration (&amp;gt;4 years) and tau pathology (all TDP-43-positive cases had tau-positive neurofibrillary tangles). This study demonstrates for the first time an association between TDP-43 pathology and SSPE. The co-occurrence of TDP-43 and tau aggregates and correlation with the disease duration suggest that both pathological proteins are involved in the neurodegenerative process induced by viral inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlae017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T10:06:33Z","timestamp":1709892393000},"page":"251-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["TDP-43 pathology in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7151-6966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Acewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"St\u0119pie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and 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