{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:59:35Z","timestamp":1793321975171,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lucy Balian Rorke-Adams Endowed Chair in Neuropathology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Identification of central nervous system injury is a critical part of perinatal autopsies; however, injury is not always easily identifiable due to autolysis and immaturity of the developing brain. Here, the role of immunohistochemical stains in the identification of perinatal brain injury was investigated. Blinded semiquantitative scoring of injury was performed on sections of frontal lobe from 76 cases (51 liveborn and 25 stillborn) using H&amp;E, GFAP, Iba-1, and \u03b2-APP stains. Digital image analysis was used to quantify GFAP and Iba-1 staining. Commonly observed pathologies included diffuse white matter gliosis (DWMG) and white matter necrosis (WMN). DWMG scores were very similar on H&amp;E and GFAP stains for liveborn subjects. For stillborn subjects, DWMG scores were significantly higher on GFAP stain than H&amp;E. \u03b2-APP was needed for identification of WMN in 71.4% of stillborn subjects compared to 15.4% of liveborn subjects. Diffuse staining for Iba-1 within cortex and white matter was positively correlated with subject age. Staining quantification on digital image analysis was highly correlated to semiquantitative scoring. Overall, GFAP and \u03b2-APP stains were most helpful in identifying white matter injury not seen on H&amp;E in stillborn subjects. Immunostains may therefore be warranted as an integral part of stillborn brain autopsies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlae019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T13:11:03Z","timestamp":1709644263000},"page":"345-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A role for immunohistochemical stains in perinatal brain autopsies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6430-8360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela N","family":"Viaene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024041917452827900_nlae019-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.04.027","article-title":"A histopathological study of premature and mature infants with pontosubicular neuron necrosis: Neuronal cell death in perinatal brain damage","volume":"1095","author":"Takizawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2024041917452827900_nlae019-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.66.6.840","article-title":"Pontosubicular necrosis and hyperoxemia","volume":"66","author":"Ahdab-Barmada","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2024041917452827900_nlae019-B3","first-page":"210","volume-title":"Greenfield\u2019s Neuropathology","author":"Folkerth","year":"2015","edition":"9th ed"},{"key":"2024041917452827900_nlae019-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160102","article-title":"Acquired perinatal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"16","author":"Leviton","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2024041917452827900_nlae019-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-023-00684-y","article-title":"Shaping the brain vasculature in development and disease in the single-cell era","volume":"24","author":"W\u00e4lchli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2024041917452827900_nlae019-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00561","article-title":"Human fetal brain connectome: Structural network development from middle fetal stage to birth","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2024041917452827900_nlae019-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/14734220500247646","article-title":"The role of matrix metalloproteinases in the morphogenesis of the cerebellar cortex","volume":"4","author":"Luo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"2024041917452827900_nlae019-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030403","article-title":"New insights into ADAMTS metalloproteases in the central nervous system","volume":"10","author":"Mohamedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2024041917452827900_nlae019-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1980.tb07861.x","article-title":"Lysosomal acid hydrolases in developing human brain regions","volume":"35","author":"Sinha","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2024041917452827900_nlae019-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2022.119623","article-title":"Brain pathology in patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"61","author":"Alturkustani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol"},{"key":"2024041917452827900_nlae019-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlad067","article-title":"Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: What\u2019s behind the \u201cribbon effect\u201d?","volume":"82","author":"Viaene","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2024041917452827900_nlae019-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2024041917452827900_nlae019-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00686088","article-title":"Pathological reaction of astrocytes in perinatal brain injury. 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