{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:32:27Z","timestamp":1787884347201,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource","award":["CA046934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA046934"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Corticotroph adenomas\/pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Predictors of tumor behavior have not shown high prognostic accuracy. For somatotroph adenomas\/PitNETs, E-cadherin expression correlates strongly with prognosis. E-cadherin expression has not been investigated in other PitNETs. A retrospective chart review of adults with corticotroph adenomas\/PitNETs was conducted to assess correlation between E-cadherin expression and tumor characteristics. In addition, gene expression microarray was performed in subset of tumors (n\u2009=\u200916). Seventy-seven patients were identified; 71% were female, with median age of cohort 45.2\u2009years. Seventy-five percent had macroadenomas, of which 22% were hormonally active. Ninety-five percent of microadenomas were hormonally active. Adrenocorticotropic hormone granulation pattern by IHC identified 63% as densely granulated (DG) and 34% as sparsely granulated (SG). All microadenomas were DG (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001); 50% of macroadenomas were DG associated with increased tumor invasion compared to SG. E-cadherin IHC was positive in 80%, diminished in 17%, and absent in 20% and did not correlate with corticotroph PitNETs subtype, size, or prognosis. In contrast to the distinct transcriptomes of corticotroph PitNETs and normal pituitaries, a comparison of clinically active and silent corticotroph PitNETs demonstrated similar molecular signatures indicating their common origin, but with unique differences related to their secretory status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlae034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T02:44:29Z","timestamp":1716432269000},"page":"586-595","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["E-cadherin expression and gene expression profiles in corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumor subtypes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3341-582X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Kiseljak-Vassiliades","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Research Service at Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Lipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center , Corvallis, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christie G","family":"Turin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8151-5107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Fishbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Research Service at Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James C","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice M","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa B","family":"Holmstoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Samy","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin O","family":"Lillehei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bette K","family":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret E","family":"Wierman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado, USA"},{"name":"Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Research Service at Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1942","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in Cushing\u2019s disease over 50 years in stoke-on-trent, UK: Audit and meta-analysis of literature","volume":"96","author":"Clayton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0921","article-title":"Long-term remission and recurrence rates in Cushing\u2019s disease: Predictive factors in a single-centre study","volume":"168","author":"Alexandraki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02432-z","article-title":"Recurrence after pituitary surgery in adult Cushing\u2019s disease: A systematic review on diagnosis and treatment","volume":"70","author":"Braun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B4","author":"WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board","year":"2017","edition":"4th Edition"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","article-title":"The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: A summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0624-3","article-title":"Silent corticotroph adenomas","volume":"18","author":"Cooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6134","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13236134","article-title":"An update on silent corticotroph adenomas: Diagnosis, mechanisms, clinical features, and management","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0844-4","article-title":"Predictors of silent corticotroph adenoma recurrence; a large retrospective single center study and systematic literature review","volume":"21","author":"Langlois","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B9","first-page":"9","article-title":"Clinical significance of granulation pattern in corticotroph pituitary adenomas","volume":"35","author":"Do\u011fan\u015fen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk Patoloji Derg"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B10","first-page":"2635","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in human pituitary adenomas indicate a clinical course","volume":"35","author":"Jia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04109.x","article-title":"Reduced levels of E-cadherin correlate with progression of corticotroph pituitary tumours","volume":"75","author":"Evang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-1183","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing in silent corticotroph tumors confirms impaired POMC processing and provides new insights into their invasive behavior","volume":"187","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2197","article-title":"The expression of E-cadherin in somatotroph pituitary adenomas is related to tumor size, invasiveness, and somatostatin analog response","volume":"95","author":"Fougner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-008-9029-z","article-title":"Clinicopathological features of growth hormone-producing pituitary adenomas: Difference among various types defined by cytokeratin distribution pattern including a transitional form","volume":"19","author":"Obari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-014-0383-y","article-title":"Growth hormone tumor histological subtypes predict response to surgical and medical therapy","volume":"49","author":"Kiseljak-Vassiliades","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-012-0445-1","article-title":"Growth hormone granulation pattern and somatostatin receptor subtype 2A correlate with postoperative somatostatin receptor ligand response in acromegaly: A large single center experience","volume":"16","author":"Brzana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0586","article-title":"Relationship between cytokeratin staining patterns and clinico-pathological features in somatotropinomae","volume":"163","author":"Bakhtiar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq431","article-title":"A framework for oligonucleotide microarray preprocessing","volume":"26","author":"Carvalho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","article-title":"limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies","volume":"43","author":"Ritchie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","article-title":"Gene set enrichment analysis: A knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles","volume":"102","author":"Subramanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1677\/erc.0.0080287","article-title":"Pituitary tumors: Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management","volume":"8","author":"Arafah","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2012.00599.x","article-title":"Clinicopathological correlations in pituitary adenomas","volume":"22","author":"Mete","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.09.016","article-title":"Differential somatostatin receptor (SSTR) 1-5 expression and downstream effectors in histologic subtypes of growth hormone pituitary tumors","volume":"417","author":"Kiseljak-Vassiliades","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9660-9","article-title":"Clinical implications of growth hormone-secreting tumor subtypes","volume":"42","author":"Kiseljak-Vassiliades","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0864","article-title":"Granulation pattern, but not GSP or GHR mutation, is associated with clinical characteristics in somatostatin-naive patients with somatotroph adenomas","volume":"168","author":"Larkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2016-1841","article-title":"Elucidating the role of the desmosome protein p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22 in growth hormone tumors","volume":"158","author":"Kiseljak-Vassiliades","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00997-1","article-title":"Pathology of prolactinomas: Any predictive value?","volume":"23","author":"Lopes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896912471850","article-title":"Expression and significance of E-cadherin and \u03b2-catenins in pituitary adenoma","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01096-2","article-title":"Clinical, biological, radiological, and pathological comparison of sparsely and densely granulated somatotroph adenomas: A single center experience from a cohort of 131 patients with acromegaly","volume":"24","author":"Swanson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-022-03051-6","article-title":"Distribution of E- and N-cadherin in subgroups of non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"77","author":"\u00d8ystese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672178","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.672178","article-title":"Clinical, biological, radiological pathological and immediate post-operative remission of sparsely and densely granulated corticotroph pituitary tumors: A retrospective study of a cohort of 277 patients with Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Rak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-1226","article-title":"Clinicopathological predictive factors in the early remission of corticotroph pituitary macroadenomas in a tertiary referral centre","volume":"174","author":"Witek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-013-9270-y","article-title":"The role of mediators of cell invasiveness, motility, and migration in the pathogenesis of silent corticotroph adenomas","volume":"24","author":"Mete","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03673.x","article-title":"Silent corticotroph adenomas have unique recurrence characteristics compared with other nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas","volume":"72","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B35","first-page":"227","article-title":"Galectin-3 as a marker distinguishing functioning from silent corticotroph adenomas","volume":"6","author":"Thodou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hormones (Athens)"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0864-8","article-title":"Silent corticotroph adenomas","volume":"21","author":"Ben-Shlomo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-019-01924-x","article-title":"Hormonal aggressiveness according to the expression of cellular markers in corticotroph adenomas","volume":"64","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine Review"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2019.11.002","article-title":"Pangenomic classification of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"37","author":"Neou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B39","first-page":"897","article-title":"Coexpression of galanin and adrenocorticotropic hormone in human pituitary and pituitary adenomas","volume":"138","author":"Hsu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2002.01486.x","article-title":"Galanin in human pituitary adenomas: Frequency and clinical significance","volume":"56","author":"Leung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2024062007514043100_nlae034-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0175435","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175435","article-title":"Role of NeuroD1 on the negative regulation of Pomc expression by glucocorticoid","volume":"12","author":"Parvin","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuropathology &amp; Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnen\/article-pdf\/83\/7\/586\/58269704\/nlae034.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnen\/article-pdf\/83\/7\/586\/58269704\/nlae034.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T07:54:38Z","timestamp":1718870078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnen\/article\/83\/7\/586\/7680023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnen\/nlae034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3069","1554-6578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3069","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-6578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]}}}