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KS surrounds neurons except dendritic spines, repelling glutamatergic and facilitating GABAergic axons. The same genes are expressed in both neuroblast migration and axonal growth. This study examines timing of KS during morphogenesis of some normally developing human fetal forebrain structures. Twenty normal human fetal brains from 9-41 weeks gestational age were studied at autopsy. KS was examined by immunoreactivity in formalin-fixed paraffin sections, plus other markers including synaptophysin, S-100\u03b2 protein, vimentin and nestin. Radial and tangential neuroblast migratory pathways from subventricular zone to cortical plate were marked by KS deposits as early as 9wk GA, shortly after neuroblast migration initiated. During later gestation this reactivity gradually diminished and disappeared by term. Long axonal fascicles of the internal capsule and short fascicles of intrinsic bundles of globus pallidus and corpus striatum also appeared as early as 9-12wk, as fascicular sleeves before axons even entered. Intense KS occurs in astrocytic cytoplasm and extracellular parenchyma at 9wk in globus pallidus, 15wk thalamus, 18wk corpus striatum, 22wk cortical plate, and hippocampus postnatally. Corpus callosum and anterior commissure do not exhibit KS at any age. Optic chiasm shows reactivity at the periphery but not around intrinsic subfasciculi. We postulate that KS forms a chemical template for many long and short axonal fascicles before axons enter and neuroblast migratory pathways at initiation of migration. Cross-immunoreactivity with aggrecan may render difficult molecular distinction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlae057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T21:21:09Z","timestamp":1719868869000},"page":"8-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Keratan sulfate proteoglycan: putative template for neuroblast migratory and axonal fascicular pathways and fetal expression in globus pallidus, thalamus, and olfactory bulb"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6953-2959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harvey B","family":"Sarnat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine , Calgary, Alberta,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine , Calgary, Alberta,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine , Calgary, Alberta,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Departments of Paediatrics and Pathology (Neuropathology), Owerko Centre, Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute , Calgary, Alberta,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine , Calgary, Alberta,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2024122007521189500_nlae057-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlz096","article-title":"Proteoglycan (keratan) barrier in developing human forebrain isolates cortical epileptic networks from deep heterotopia, insulates axonal 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