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These pervasive events result in acute and chronic cerebrovascular degenerative processes. Using a rat model of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury, we identified intramural periarterial hematomas as early primary acute lesions induced by blast exposures. These lesions resulted in intravascular cell death, cell layer reorganization, and plasma leakage into the intraperiarterial basal membranes that constitute the intraperiarterial drainage system (IPAD). Plasma metalloproteases, including MMP-9, in the IPAD basal membranes may degrade extracellular matrix components compromising normal cerebral interstitial fluid drainage, arterial structure and function leading to chronic vascular degenerative processes. Related subacute effects of blast exposure included increased MMP-9 expression in perivascular reactive astrocytes and the extension of astrocytic processes through the layers of affected vessels. These results, in combination with normal levels of proinflammatory cytokines and the absence of proinflammatory MHC II-expressing microglia, suggest an astrocytic role in the clearing of intravascular hematomas and provide further mechanistic evidence that blast-induced vascular degenerative processes may precede the onset of neurovascular inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlaf003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T15:19:13Z","timestamp":1736176753000},"page":"337-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intramural hematomas and astrocytic infiltration precede perivascular inflammation in a rat model of repetitive low-level blast injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1064-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A","family":"Gama Sosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medical Research Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Bronx, NY,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"De Gasperi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Bronx, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel H","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Bronx, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Pryor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Service, James J. 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