{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T21:44:34Z","timestamp":1758663874476,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlaf019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T14:56:14Z","timestamp":1743778574000},"page":"941-945","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Consecutive brain biopsies illustrate the histological evolution of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Felipe J S","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6967-5239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily Ling-Lin","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rogan","family":"Magee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Boylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Chioma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Yoshor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose L","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Banihashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sashank","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward B","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Orthmann-Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1941.tb46531.x","article-title":"Acute hemorrhagic leucoencephalitis: a previously undefined entity","volume":"2","author":"Hurst","year":"1941","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820049","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.820049","article-title":"Case series: acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination","volume":"12","author":"Ancau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e256640","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2023-256640","article-title":"Recovery from acute haemorrhagic leucoencephalitis secondary to COVID-19","volume":"17","author":"Bunting","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9767-z","article-title":"Mutations of complement factor I and potential mechanisms of neuroinflammation in acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis","volume":"33","author":"Broderick","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-194901000-00001","article-title":"Acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy","volume":"8","author":"Adams","year":"1949","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e3181c6be92","article-title":"Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: a critical entity for forensic pathologists to recognize","volume":"31","author":"Lann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/78.3.369","article-title":"The nosological unity of acute haemorrhagic leucoencephalitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis","volume":"78","author":"Russell","year":"1955","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00899","article-title":"Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: a case and systematic review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Grzonka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000048493.82053.4C","article-title":"Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis vs ADEM: FLAIR MRI and neuropathology findings","volume":"60","author":"Kuperan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2018.11.007","article-title":"Fulminant acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children","volume":"41","author":"Yae","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e187","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000187","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a trigger for Weston Hurst syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Magun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-2-52","article-title":"Early and widespread injury of astrocytes in the absence of demyelination in acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis","volume":"2","author":"Robinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2019.06.013","article-title":"Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy: pathological features and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profiles","volume":"100","author":"Waak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1814","article-title":"Association of MOG-IgG serostatus with relapse after acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and proposed diagnostic criteria for MOG-IgG-associated disorders","volume":"75","author":"Lopez-Chiriboga","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.38.6.585","article-title":"Haemorrhagic and perivenous encephalitis: a clinical-pathological review of 38 cases","volume":"38","author":"Hart","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673611","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.673611","article-title":"Case report: minimal neurological deficit of two adult patients with Weston-Hurst syndrome due to early craniectomy: case series and review of literature on craniectomy","volume":"12","author":"Loesch-Biffar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01227.x","article-title":"Use of therapeutic plasma exchange in the management of acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"47","author":"Ryan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"2025092317015990600_nlaf019-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00345","article-title":"Fulminant acute ascending hemorrhagic myelitis treated with eculizumab","volume":"8","author":"Hsam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuropathology &amp; Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnen\/article-pdf\/84\/10\/941\/62870826\/nlaf019.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnen\/article-pdf\/84\/10\/941\/62870826\/nlaf019.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T21:02:06Z","timestamp":1758661326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnen\/article\/84\/10\/941\/8106389"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnen\/nlaf019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3069","1554-6578"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-3069"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1554-6578"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]}}}