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Modeling cholinergic degeneration in an animal model may provide powerful opportunities to study the clinical-physiological role of the NBM and lead to new therapies. We describe a procedure to inject ME20.4 Saporin, an immunotoxin that specifically binds to and depletes cholinergic neurons stereotactically into the NBM of a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). A digital non-human primate brain atlas was co-registered to the brain of the monkey. A custom-designed cranial chamber was also implanted to the skull to guide the injection. The effects of the ME20.4 Saporin injections were evaluated in vivo with PET-CT using [18F]-FEOBV as a radiotracer. This approach yielded reliable spatial accuracy and successful delivery of ME20.4 Saporin into the NBM. [18F]-FEOBV PET analyses revealed reduced radiotracer uptake in the NBM. Postmortem assessment showed a reduction of ME20.4-positive cells within the NBM. No clear effects on cognitive testing were observed. This Saporin-mediated selective destruction of cholinergic neurons in the NBM, using MRI-guidance and a cranial chamber, offers a promising method to study the pathophysiology of NBM degeneration and possible therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlaf081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T15:00:51Z","timestamp":1752764451000},"page":"58-70","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stereotactic lesioning of cholinergic cells by injection of ME20.4 Saporin in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in a rhesus monkey (\n                    <i>Macaca mulatta<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6673-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Nazmuddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University , Surabaya,","place":["Indonesia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine and Natural Sciences (FIKKIA), Airlangga University , Banyuwangi,","place":["Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marieke A","family":"Stammes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC) , Rijswijk,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P Christiaan","family":"Klink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vision & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences , Amsterdam,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Visual Brain Therapy, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marit K","family":"Vernes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC) , Rijswijk,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaco","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC) , Rijswijk,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan A M","family":"Langermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC) , Rijswijk,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department Population Health Sciences, Animals in Science & Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht,","place":["The 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