{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T16:07:14Z","timestamp":1793203634660,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Iran University of Medical Science","award":["1402-3-68-25377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1402-3-68-25377"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a significant medical challenge due to the complexity of its pathology. This study evaluated the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as non-invasive treatments for SCI. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups: control, SCI, PBMT, and LIPUS at 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5\u2009W\/cm2 intensities. SCI was induced using an aneurysm clip, and treatments began 30\u2009minutes post-injury, continuing for 4 weeks. During the seventh week, no treatment was administered. Behavioral assessments, including the acetone and plantar tests for pain and the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score for locomotor function, were performed weekly from the first week until the study\u2019s end. At termination, lesion size was measured, and protein expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 (P-GSK-3\u03b2), and neurexins were quantified via western blotting. Data were analyzed using Prism software. LIPUS at 0.5\u2009W\/cm2 emerged as the most effective treatment, enhancing motor function, reducing pain, and limiting tissue damage through modulation of GFAP, TGF-\u03b2, P-GSK-3\u03b2, and Neurexin1. LIPUS 0.3 and PBMT significantly reduced pain, while LIPUS 0.1 showed superior outcomes in movement recovery, indicating intensity-specific therapeutic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlaf106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T16:28:36Z","timestamp":1762878516000},"page":"167-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative study of photobiomodulation therapy and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for nerve regeneration and pain alleviation in an acute spinal cord injury model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Negin","family":"Khosravipour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Motamed Nezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Ramezani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molood","family":"Gooniband Shooshtari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrad","family":"Mahdavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soroush","family":"Taherkhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negin","family":"Mojarad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University , Mt. Pleasant, MI,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Moshiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran,","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Dr. Moshiri Veterinary Clinic , Tehran,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2716-4526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atousa","family":"Janzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012903014898100_nlaf106-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-022-00795-w","article-title":"Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: a large 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