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Because of differential labeling of tau aggregation types, however, these methods result in strikingly different patterns of pathology when used in adjacent sections of the same brain. How Gallyas versus AT8 staining impacts the quantification of tau pathology distribution across brain areas and affect analysis of tau and cognitive impairment is unknown. We performed a side-by-side comparison of AT8 versus Gallyas-stained hippocampal sections from 34 patients from the University of Southern California (USC) Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center (ADRC). Using images of Gallyas and AT8 stained sections, we computed overall tau density in hippocampal subregions as well as manual tangle counts and compared each of them to cognitive variables like Clinical Dementia Rating and Mini Mental State Exam in the patients. We found that AT8 had a much higher density of staining overall, and the two stains had differing distributions, with increased AT8 in Brodmann area 35 and CA1. Both stains related to cognition differentially, and Gallyas density was significantly related to post-mortem interval. These findings contribute to our understanding of how tau pathology stain choice might influence the characterization of AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlaf149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T13:07:32Z","timestamp":1764767252000},"page":"433-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparing Gallyas and AT8 staining for quantification of tau pathology in subregions of the human hippocampus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6002-1501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bayla","family":"Breningstall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"USC Center for Integrative Connectomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"USC Center for Integrative Connectomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Hawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Hiniker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine of USC , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8231-8893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S","family":"Bienkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"USC Center for Integrative Connectomics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042915370236200_nlaf149-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.04.022","article-title":"The complexity of tau in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"705","author":"Naseri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2026042915370236200_nlaf149-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308809","article-title":"Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes","volume":"82","author":"Braak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2026042915370236200_nlaf149-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-006-0127-z","article-title":"Staging of Alzheimer disease-associated neurofibrillary pathology using paraffin sections and immunocytochemistry","volume":"112","author":"Braak","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2026042915370236200_nlaf149-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24080","article-title":"Comprehensive cellular-resolution atlas of the adult human brain","volume":"524","author":"Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2026042915370236200_nlaf149-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.03.024","article-title":"Anatomic localization of the transentorhinal region of the perirhinal cortex","volume":"29","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2026042915370236200_nlaf149-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00690836","article-title":"On areas of transition between entorhinal allocortex and temporal isocortex in the human brain. 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