{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:37:06Z","timestamp":1786113426741,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathologic change (ADNPC), Parkinson disease (PD) \u03b1-synuclein (\u03b1-Syn), and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology overlap in a continuum in fine particulate matter (PM2.5)-exposed Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) children and young adult forensic autopsy brains. This report focuses on a forensic targeted immunohistochemistry protocol to assess ADNPC, \u03b1-Syn and TDP-43 in \u226440y subjects, and to define their relationship with cumulative PM2.5 (CPM) exposures. We proposed an early measurement of abnormal protein expression to evaluate neurodegenerative disease prevalence in exposed PM2.5 urban young populations. We studied 189 autopsies average age 26\u00b110y, including 179 MMC \u226440y olds and 10 low pollution controls. Among MMC adults 18-40y, 11.3% exhibited ADNPC alone; 50% had ADNPC + PD, 32.0% had ADNPC + PD + TDP-43 and 6.7% had ADNPC + TDP-43 pathology. In 37 children (13.0\u00b14.8y), 24.3% had ADNPC, 37.8% had ADNPC + PD, 32.4% had ADNPC + PD + TDP-43; 5.4% had ADNPC + TDP-43 pathology. The overlapping children\u2019s neuropathology was documented under low CPM. We suggest that measurements of abnormal protein expression to evaluate neurodegenerative disease in young PM2.5-exposed young urban populations in US autopsies will define the prevalence and overlap of early neurodegenerative biological markers. This information guide preventive medicine, health services, environmental PM2.5 emission control and early neuroprotection from potentially preventable air pollution-associated neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlag028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:19:24Z","timestamp":1773404364000},"page":"894-902","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alzheimer neuropathological change, \u03b1-synuclein and transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa expression in children and young adult brains from forensic autopsies: Value for early measurement of abnormal protein expression prevalence in neurodegenerative diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3130-7895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Montana Biomedical Sciences, , Missoula, MT,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Piedras Negras, Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozkan Ufuk","family":"Nalbantoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University , \u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Morfolog\u00eda Celular y Tisular, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Torres-Jard\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias de la Atm\u00f3sfera y Cambio Clim\u00e1tico, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico , 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