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We performed multiparametric flow cytometric profiling of CSF T-cell developmental subsets in 37 IMND patients and 10\u2009N-IMND controls to identify IMND-associated T-cell signatures. CSF CD8+ T-cells were detectable in 86% (32\/37) of IMND patients versus 0% (0\/10) of N-IMND controls (Padj\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Among CD8+ T-cell-positive IMND cases, effector memory (CD45RA\u2212CCR7\u2212, median, 65.0%; IQR, 45.5%-73.5%) and terminally differentiated effector memory T-cells (TEMRA, CD45RA+CCR7\u2212, median, 35.0%; IQR, 0%-49.5%) predominated. Hierarchical clustering demonstrated significant separation between IMND and N-IMND driven by CD8+ T-cell subset profiles (R2 = 0.165, P\u2009=\u2009.001), whereas CD4+ T-cell subsets showed no disease-associated clustering. Paired blood-CSF analysis in 6 treatment-na\u00efve IMND patients revealed compartmentalized enrichment of CD8+ effector memory (blood median 19.2%; IQR, 6.4%-26.9%; CSF median 47.3%; IQR, 42.2%-53.7%; P\u2009=\u2009.031), confirming CNS-restricted CD8+ T-cell activation. These findings identify CSF CD8+ effector memory profiles as a potential biomarker distinguishing IMNDs from N-IMNDs that may complement conventional biomarkers for CNS autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlag050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T11:23:20Z","timestamp":1777289000000},"page":"1141-1155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiparameter flow cytometry of CSF identifies elevated CD8+ effector memory and TEMRA T-cells in immune-mediated neurologic disorders"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3411-0382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University , Stanford, CA,","place":["United 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