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Regular aerobic exercise improved the PD rats\u2019 rotational behavior, increased tyrosine hydroxylase expression in both the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta, and decreased \u03b1-synuclein expression significantly. Interestingly, apoptotic nuclei and autophagosomes were increased in the aerobic exercise PD rat striatum. Carbonylated protein Ca2+\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase alpha (CAMKII\u03b1) was present in the middle-aged and aged groups but only in the sedentary, not the exercise, PD rat striatum. Notably, CAMKII\u03b1 was characterized by a 4-hydroxynonenal adduct. Regular aerobic exercise upregulated CAMKII\u03b1 expression level, activated the CAMK signaling pathway, and promoted the expression of autophagy markers Beclin1 and microtubule-associated proteins 1\u2009A\/1B light chain 3II. Aberrant carbonylation of CAMKII initiated age-related changes and might be useful as a potential biomarker of PD. Regular aerobic exercise alleviated protein carbonylation modification of CAMKII\u03b1 and regulated the CAMK signaling pathway, thereby affecting and regulating the homeostasis of apoptosis and autophagy in the striatum to alleviate the neurodegenerative process of PD lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlz106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T12:23:53Z","timestamp":1577103833000},"page":"46-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Regular Aerobic Exercise-Alleviated Dysregulation of CAMKII\u03b1 Carbonylation to Mitigate Parkinsonism via Homeostasis of Apoptosis With Autophagy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (WL, RF, ZW, SL, CT, LL, DY); Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (WL); School of Health & Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia (LL); and Qingyuan People\u2019s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (DY)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (WL, RF, ZW, SL, CT, LL, DY); Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (WL); School of Health & Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia (LL); and Qingyuan People\u2019s Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 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