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In addition to continuous disease-modifying therapy, these relapses require treatment to prevent lesion accumulation and progression of disability. Intravenous methylprednisolone (1\u20132\u2009g for 3\u20135\u2009days) is the standard treatment for relapses. However, this treatment is invasive, requires hospitalization, leads to substantial systemic exposure of glucocorticoids, and can only reach modest concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS). Intranasal delivery may represent an alternative to deliver relapse treatment directly to the CNS with higher concentrations and reducing side effects. Histopathological analysis revealed that intranasal administration of methylprednisolone to mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) suppressed the neuroinflammatory peak, and reduced immune cell infiltration and demyelination in the CNS similarly to intravenous administration. Treatment also downregulated Iba1 and GFAP expression. A similar significant reduction of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-\u03b3, and TNF-\u03b1 levels in the spinal cord was attained in both intranasal and intravenously treated mice. No damage in the nasal cavity was found after intranasal administration. This study demonstrates that intranasal delivery of methylprednisolone is as efficient as the intravenous route to treat neuroinflammation in EAE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlz128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T15:18:05Z","timestamp":1577719085000},"page":"226-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Intranasal Methylprednisolone Effectively Reduces Neuroinflammation in Mice With Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Dunia","family":"Rassy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico From the , Mexico City"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"B\u00e1rcena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas, 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