{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:58:57Z","timestamp":1790276337500,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stichting ALS Nederland, \u201cThe Dutch ALS Tissue Bank\u201d"},{"name":"Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA Venture Philanthropy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>For amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), achieving and maintaining effective drug levels in the brain is challenging due to the activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters which efflux drugs that affect drug exposure and response in the brain. We investigated the expression and cellular distribution of the ABC transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) using immunohistochemistry in spinal cord (SC), motor cortex, and cerebellum from a large cohort of genetically well characterized ALS patients (n\u2009=\u200925) and controls (n\u2009=\u200914). The ALS group included 17 sporadic (sALS) and 8 familial (fALS) patients. Strong P-gp expression was observed in endothelial cells in both control and ALS specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis showed higher P-gp expression in reactive astroglial cells in both gray (ventral horn) and white matter of the SC, as well as in the motor cortex of all ALS patients, as compared with controls. BCRP expression was higher in glia in the SC and in blood vessels and glia in the motor cortex of ALS patients, as compared with controls. P-gp and BCRP immunoreactivity did not differ between sALS and fALS cases. The upregulation of both ABC transporters in the brain may explain multidrug resistance in ALS patients and has implications for the use of both approved and experimental therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlz142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T13:46:59Z","timestamp":1580392019000},"page":"266-276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Expression and Cellular Distribution of P-Glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5747-3202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erwin A","family":"van Vliet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology From the , Amsterdam Neuroscience"},{"name":"Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand M","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology From the , Amsterdam Neuroscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Mesarosova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology From the , Amsterdam Neuroscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilal","family":"\u00c7olakoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute Division (H\u00c7, OvT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasper J","family":"Anink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology From the , Amsterdam Neuroscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"van Tellingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute Division (H\u00c7, OvT), Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J","family":"Maragakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Shefner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute , Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ton","family":"Bunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Izumi Biosciences, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Aronica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology From the , Amsterdam Neuroscience"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61156-7","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"377","author":"Kiernan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2015.07.012","article-title":"Neuropathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its variants","volume":"33","author":"Saberi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000488","article-title":"Revisiting the concept of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a multisystems disorder of limited phenotypic expression","volume":"30","author":"Strong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-012-0268-5","article-title":"Recent advances in the genetics of the ALS-FTLD complex","volume":"12","author":"Morris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.12.006","article-title":"Network degeneration and dysfunction in presymptomatic C9ORF72 expansion carriers","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.182","article-title":"Gene discovery in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Implications for clinical management","volume":"13","author":"Al-Chalabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1125-6","article-title":"Protein aggregation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"125","author":"Blokhuis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00044","article-title":"Impaired autophagy and defective mitochondrial function: Converging paths on the road to motor neuron degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Edens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2015.12.001","article-title":"Why do motor neurons degenerate? Actualization in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Riancho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/11586000-000000000-00000","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"25","author":"Gordon","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3576","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867321666140706131825","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of epigenetic components in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"CMC"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.03.040","article-title":"Selective increase of two ABC drug efflux transporters at the blood-spinal cord barrier suggests induced pharmacoresistance in ALS","volume":"47","author":"Jablonski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.08.060","article-title":"ABC transporter-driven pharmacoresistance in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","volume":"1607","author":"Jablonski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-017-0120-6","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier driven pharmacoresistance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and challenges for effective drug therapies","volume":"19","author":"Mohamed","year":"2017","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00021","article-title":"Blood-CNS Barrier Impairment in ALS patients versus an animal model","volume":"8","author":"Garbuzova-Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.55.3.1","article-title":"Impact of drug transporter studies on drug discovery and development","volume":"55","author":"Mizuno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.2.1.86","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier active efflux transporters: ATP-binding cassette gene family","volume":"2","author":"Loscher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.11.008","article-title":"Cerebral expression of drug transporters in epilepsy","volume":"64","author":"Aronica","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.06.010","article-title":"Nordihydroguaiaretic acid increases glutamate uptake in vitro and in vivo: Therapeutic implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"213","author":"Boston-Howes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.01.078","article-title":"P-glycoprotein expression and function are increased in an animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"472","author":"Milane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.141","article-title":"Inhibiting drug efflux transporters improves efficacy of ALS therapeutics","volume":"1","author":"Jablonski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.005","article-title":"Regulation of ABC efflux transporters at blood-brain barrier in health and neurological disorders","volume":"1628","author":"Qosa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23003","article-title":"Astrocytes drive upregulation of the multidrug resistance transporter ABCB1 (P-Glycoprotein) in endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier in mutant superoxide dismutase 1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"Qosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.12.049","article-title":"Selective induction of P-glycoprotein at the CNS barriers during symptomatic stage of an ALS animal model","volume":"639","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2015.1049183","article-title":"A revision of the El Escorial criteria \u2013 2015","volume":"16","author":"Ludolph","year":"2015","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.02.001","article-title":"Toll-like receptor signaling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord tissue","volume":"179","author":"Casula","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.2007.950170","article-title":"Multiple immunoenzyme staining: Methods and visualizations for the observation with spectral imaging","volume":"56","author":"van der Loos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.06.073","article-title":"Cellular localization of metabotropic glutamate receptors in cortical tubers and subependymal giant cell tumors of tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"156","author":"Boer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1824","article-title":"Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier","volume":"7","author":"Abbott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3407","article-title":"Development, maintenance and disruption of the blood-brain barrier","volume":"19","author":"Obermeier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122544","article-title":"Obstacles to brain tumor therapy: Key ABC transporters","volume":"18","author":"Wijaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.016","article-title":"Pharmacological targeting of the PDGF-CC signaling pathway for blood-brain barrier restoration in neurological disorders","volume":"167","author":"Lewandowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.25","article-title":"Pathophysiology of the neurovascular unit: Disease cause or consequence?","volume":"32","author":"Stanimirovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.003","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier in health and chronic neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"57","author":"Zlokovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0030-y","article-title":"Decreased blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein function in the progression of Parkinson's disease, PSP and MSA","volume":"115","author":"Bartels","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.10.1038","article-title":"Altered P-glycoprotein expression in AIDS patients with HIV encephalitis","volume":"63","author":"Langford","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq330","article-title":"Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters mediate chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion from reactive astrocytes: Relevance to multiple sclerosis pathogenesis","volume":"134","author":"Kooij","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18809","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908767106","article-title":"TDP-43 mutant transgenic mice develop features of ALS and frontotemporal lobar degeneration","volume":"106","author":"Wegorzewska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1984","article-title":"Targeting multidrug resistance in cancer","volume":"5","author":"Szakacs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-018-0005-8","article-title":"Revisiting the role of ABC transporters in multidrug-resistant cancer","volume":"18","author":"Robey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2016.08.003","article-title":"Impact of membrane drug transporters on resistance to small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors","volume":"37","author":"Neul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1728","article-title":"Drug resistance in brain diseases and the role of drug efflux transporters","volume":"6","author":"Loscher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7310107","article-title":"ABC transporters, neural stem cells and neurogenesis\u2014A different perspective","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S1937-6448(10)80005-X","article-title":"Impact of ATP-binding cassette transporters on human immunodeficiency virus therapy","volume":"280","author":"Weiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Rev Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2009.03.017","article-title":"Drug interactions at the blood-brain barrier: Fact or fantasy?","volume":"123","author":"Eyal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.2174\/138161211797440186","article-title":"Breast cancer resistance protein and P-glycoprotein in brain cancer: Two gatekeepers team up","volume":"17","author":"Agarwal","year":"2011","journal-title":"CPD"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1269","article-title":"The drug transporter P-glycoprotein limits oral absorption and brain entry of HIV-1 protease inhibitors","volume":"101","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145704004390","article-title":"The brain entry of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone is greatly limited by P-glycoprotein","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharm"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-010-9569-1","article-title":"Restricted brain penetration of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib due to the drug transporters P-gp and BCRP","volume":"30","author":"de Vries","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest New Drugs"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01575.x","article-title":"Riluzole and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis survival: A population-based study in southern Italy","volume":"14","author":"Zoccolella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199403033300901","article-title":"A controlled trial of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ALS\/Riluzole Study Group","volume":"330","author":"Bensimon","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30115-1","article-title":"Abe K, Aoki M, Tsuji S, et al. Safety and efficacy of edaravone in well defined patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00068","article-title":"ALS clinical trials review: 20 years of failure. Are we any closer to registering a new treatment?","volume":"9","author":"Petrov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2006.10.013","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier delivery","volume":"12","author":"Pardridge","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2008.03.019","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier permeability considerations for CNS-targeted compound library design","volume":"12","author":"Hitchcock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Chem Biol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2008.10.022","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier in brain homeostasis and neurological diseases","volume":"1788","author":"Weiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.10.004","article-title":"Glial influences on BBB functions and molecular players in immune cell trafficking","volume":"1862","author":"Lecuyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8212","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008212","article-title":"P-glycoprotein acts as an immunomodulator during neuroinflammation","volume":"4","author":"Kooij","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2019.04.002","article-title":"Excess glutamate secreted from astrocytes drives upregulation of P-glycoprotein in endothelial cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"316","author":"Mohamed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.2174\/156720107782151241","article-title":"ABC drug transporters as molecular targets for the prevention of multidrug resistance and drug-drug interactions","volume":"4","author":"Calcagno","year":"2007","journal-title":"CDD"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.12.061","article-title":"Interactions between riluzole and ABCG2\/BCRP transporter","volume":"452","author":"Milane","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2587","article-title":"The dual cyclooxygenase\/5-lipoxygenase inhibitor licofelone attenuates p-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance in the injured spinal cord","volume":"30","author":"Dulin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S161940","article-title":"Self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion of edaravone: Part I \u2013 Oral bioavailability improvement","volume":"12","author":"Parikh","year":"2018","journal-title":"DDDT"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-014-1061-6","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of masitinib in rats with postischemic stroke","volume":"388","author":"Kocic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118214","article-title":"Absence of the mdr1a P-Glycoprotein in mice affects tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone, digoxin, and cyclosporin A","volume":"96","author":"Schinkel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.02181.x","article-title":"An ALS mouse model with a permeable blood-brain barrier benefits from systemic cyclosporine A treatment","volume":"88","author":"Kirkinezos","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.107.019125","article-title":"Involvement of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Abcc2) in molecular weight-dependent biliary excretion of beta-lactam antibiotics","volume":"36","author":"Kato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.12486","article-title":"Inhibition of COX-2 in colon cancer modulates tumor growth and MDR-1 expression to enhance tumor regression in therapy-refractory cancers in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Rahman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2014.2077","article-title":"Inhibitory effects and mechanism of 5-fluorouracil combined with celecoxib on human gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.06.055","article-title":"Interactions between antiparkinsonian drugs and ABCB1\/P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier in a rat brain endothelial cell model","volume":"442","author":"Vautier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.10.1106","article-title":"Assessment of antiepileptic drugs as substrates for canine P-glycoprotein","volume":"68","author":"West","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.03.049","article-title":"Impact of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein on the brain distribution of antiepileptic drugs in knockout mouse models","volume":"710","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2121-3-20","article-title":"Astroglial expression of the P-glycoprotein is controlled by intracellular CNTF","volume":"3","author":"Monville","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Cell Biol"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-5050(02)00511-5","article-title":"P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of antiepileptic drugs: Preliminary studies in mdr1a knockout mice","volume":"3","author":"Sills","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.027","article-title":"Regulatory mechanisms to control tissue alpha-tocopherol","volume":"43","author":"Mustacich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.08.033","article-title":"alpha-Tocopherol injections in rats up-regulate hepatic ABC transporters, but not cytochrome P450 enzymes","volume":"51","author":"Traber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2009.10.001","article-title":"The complexities of antiretroviral drug-drug interactions: Role of ABC and SLC transporters","volume":"31","author":"Kis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"2024032523310547300_nlz142-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-008-9138-z","article-title":"The effect of P-gp (Mdr1a\/1b), BCRP (Bcrp1) and P-gp\/BCRP inhibitors on the in vivo absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of imatinib","volume":"27","author":"Oostendorp","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest New Drugs"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuropathology &amp; Experimental Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnen\/article-pdf\/79\/3\/266\/32614437\/nlz142.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnen\/article-pdf\/79\/3\/266\/32614437\/nlz142.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T23:44:54Z","timestamp":1711410294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnen\/article\/79\/3\/266\/5718003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnen\/nlz142","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3069","1554-6578"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3069","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-6578","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]]}}}