{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:06:41Z","timestamp":1753877201528,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":44,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Objective: A hierarchical cluster analysis for the cardboard manufacturing industry was developed with the aim of identifying similarities between workstations in terms of musculoskeletal stress factors (MSFs) and their impact on workers\u2019 bodies.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods: The hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted using data from 44 workstations, which included 6 body part divisions and 51 stress factors as variables with 36 answer options. Firstly, the content of the dataset was defined. Secondly, the data were agglomerated and classified into 3 clusters using Ward\u2019s method based on the presence or absence of stress factors. Finally, the multivariable matrix was reduced to 2 factors: the x-axis representing the risk level of the workstation, and the y-axis representing the impact on the workers\u2019 health.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: The study found that workers\u2019 knees were the most affected body parts, with 47 cases. The resulting work-related musculoskeletal disorders included tendinitis, arthralgia, chondromalacia, and gonarthrosis. The MSF with the most significant impact on the body\u2019s health was fatiguing work that involves repeated jumps, prolonged squatting, or kneeling, present in cluster 1 and cluster 3. Moreover, two of the most common MSFs associated with repeated work positions were identified: a mild forward flexion of the back (63 cases) in combination with one leg being used more often to support the body (56 cases).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions: It was possible to identify the main work-related musculoskeletal disorders and the associated stress factors for the cardboard manufacturing industry by using hierarchical cluster classification and analysis, enabling the classification of risk levels and the impact on body health for each workstation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/joccuh\/uiae008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T02:02:50Z","timestamp":1708135370000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hierarchical clustering analysis of musculoskeletal stress factors and their risk level in cardboard manufacturing: research from PLIBEL"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Martha Roselia","family":"Contreras-Valenzuela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Autonomous University of Morelos State (UAEM) Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, , Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, CP 62209, Cuernavaca Morelos, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Alejandro","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Ibanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autonomous University of Morelos State (UAEM) Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, , Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, CP 62209, Cuernavaca Morelos, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"author":"World Health Organization","key":"2024041610332931600_ref1","article-title":"Musculoskeletal health"},{"journal-title":"ErgoPlus.","article-title":"The definition and causes of musculoskeletal disorders","author":"Middlesworth","key":"2024041610332931600_ref2"},{"volume-title":"Musculoskeletal Disorders","author":"European Agency for Safety and Health at Work","key":"2024041610332931600_ref3"},{"key":"2024041610332931600_ref4","volume-title":"Advances in Industrial Ergonomics and Safety.","author":"Jakobsson","year":"1993","edition":"1st"},{"volume-title":"Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). 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