{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T18:23:16Z","timestamp":1793730196956,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":351,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are among the most common occupational diseases, affecting various sectors such as agriculture, small-scale industries, handicrafts, construction, and banking. These disorders, caused by overexertion and repetitive motion, lead to work absenteeism, productivity loss, and economic impacts. The aim of the study was to determine the magnitude of musculoskeletal disorders among different occupational workers in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: We identified studies reporting the prevalence of WMSDs using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire in different databases between 2005 and 2023 through searches on SCOPUS, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar. The required information was then extracted. A random effects model was used to pool estimates of prevalence with 95% CIs. Publication bias was assessed by applying funnel plots.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: The 12-month prevalence of WMSDs was reported across several occupational groups, and the meta or the pooled prevalence was estimated as 0.76 (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.82) along with substantial variability in the prevalence estimates between different industries and studies. The meta-prevalence for low back pain was estimated as 0.60 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.66). The meta-prevalence for neck pain was estimated as 0.40 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.47) whereas for shoulder pain it was estimated as 0.36 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.42), respectively. The risk of bias was statistically nonsignificant, and overall publication bias was low as per visual inspections from funnel plots.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: WMSDs are prevalent across various Indian industries in significant proportions, particularly in agriculture, health care, and mining, leading to significant productivity loss and economic impact. The variation in prevalence highlights the need for sector-specific interventions. Addressing WMSDs requires comprehensive ergonomic and policy measures. Effective strategies are essential to mitigate these disorders\u2019 widespread impact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/joccuh\/uiae077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T10:20:31Z","timestamp":1734430831000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among various occupational workers in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0842-1657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SukhDev","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Division of Health Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health , Ahmedabad, Gujarat ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Avinash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Division of Health Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health , Ahmedabad, Gujarat ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madan G","family":"Kundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Daiichi-Sankyo Inc , Basking Ridge, New Jersey ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyotsna","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Division of Health Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health , Ahmedabad, Gujarat ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankit","family":"Sheth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Sciences , ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Officer (H), International Cooperation Section, Ministry of Ayush , New Delhi ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025011317510878300_ref1","article-title":"Data resources","author":"Global Burden of Disease Study","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025011317510878300_ref2","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders\u2014level 2 cause","author":"Institute For Health M. Evaluation","year":"2020"},{"issue":"10267","key":"2025011317510878300_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32340-0","article-title":"Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Cieza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011317510878300_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062183","article-title":"Global burden of musculoskeletal disorders and attributable factors in 204 countries and territories: a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011317510878300_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2010.03.003","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders in labor-intensive agriculture","volume":"41","author":"Fathallah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025011317510878300_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20324","article-title":"Low back pain and musculoskeletal symptoms among Kansas farmers","volume":"49","author":"Rosecrance","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.21033","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among farmers: a systematic review","volume":"55","author":"Osborne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2002.8.4.339","article-title":"Musculoskeletal symptoms among farmers and non-farmers: a population-based study","volume":"8","author":"Holmberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-7-23","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal discomfort of dairy farmers and employed workers","volume":"7","author":"Kolstrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"2025011317510878300_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199401001-00002","article-title":"Sociocultural factors and back pain: a population-based study in Belgian adults","volume":"19","author":"Skovron","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"9400","key":"2025011317510878300_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15027-1","article-title":"Pesticides at work and at home: exposure of migrant farmworkers","volume":"362","author":"Arcury","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2004.12.003","article-title":"An ergonomic intervention to reduce back strain among apple harvest workers in New York state","volume":"36","author":"Earle-Richardson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.8432","article-title":"Current health effects of agricultural work: respiratory disease, cancer, reproductive effects, musculoskeletal injuries, and pesticide-related illnesses","volume":"8","author":"Kirkhorn","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Agric Saf Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.9054","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in agriculture in the United States","volume":"8","author":"Rautiainen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Agric Saf Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011317510878300_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2010.11.002","article-title":"How to measure the impact of musculoskeletal conditions","volume":"24","author":"Woolf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025011317510878300_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2022.04.781","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders among the bone carving artisans of Uttar Pradesh: a study on cognitive space and accessory design for MSD and health-related problems","volume":"64","author":"Srivastava","year":"2022","journal-title":"MaterToday Proc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.52.139","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders among Chinese medical students","volume":"52","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kurume Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011317510878300_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1854.2004.00620.x","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders among rural Australian nursing students","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Australian J Rural Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130701728277","article-title":"Perceived musculoskeletal symptoms among dental students in the clinic work environment","volume":"51","author":"Thornton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-5-16","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dentists","volume":"5","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3959(02)00372-x","article-title":"Musculoskeletal pain in the Netherlands: prevalences, consequences and risk groups, the DMC3-study","volume":"102","author":"Picavet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-12","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses in Ibadan, south-West Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"11","author":"Tinubu","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12200","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12200","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated risk factors among urban metropolitan hairdressers in India","volume":"63","author":"Mishra","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.11-0262-OA","article-title":"Effects of individual and work-related factors on incidence of shoulder pain in a large working population","volume":"54","author":"Bodin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"key":"2025011317510878300_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S299680","article-title":"Prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among bank staff in Jimma City, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019: an institution-based cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Etana","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pain Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.54530\/jcmc.1322","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders among the oral health professionals of a district in Nepal","volume":"13","author":"Adhikari","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Chitwan Med Coll"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2003.09.015","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: the epidemiologic evidence and the debate","volume":"14","author":"Punnett","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.203134","article-title":"Musculoskeletal morbidity among construction workers: a cross-sectional community-based study","volume":"20","author":"Reddy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2017.06.006","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Iranian dentists: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"ZakerJafari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saf Health Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04615-9","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in secondary industries of 21st century Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Govaerts","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.11.003","article-title":"Work-related psychosocial risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders in hospital nurses and nursing aides: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Bernal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.4947","article-title":"Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among surgeons and interventionalists: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"153","author":"Epstein","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"9514","key":"2025011317510878300_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68358-X","article-title":"Systematic reviews: when is an update an update?","volume":"367","author":"Moher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"15","key":"2025011317510878300_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology. A proposal for reporting","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7109","key":"2025011317510878300_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025011317510878300_ref36","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Clinical Trials","author":"Rothstein","year":"2007","edition":"1st"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"7414","key":"2025011317510878300_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025011317510878300_ref39","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2012.11076949","article-title":"Assessment of ergonomic and occupational health-related problems among female prawn seed collectors of Sunderbans, West Bengal, India","volume":"18","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Occup Saf Ergon"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1539\/joh.12-0185-oa","article-title":"Child work in agriculture in West Bengal, India: assessment of musculoskeletal disorders and occupational health problems","volume":"55","author":"Das","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Occup Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP1669","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539511421808","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and physiological stress among adult, male potato cultivators of West Bengal, India","volume":"27","author":"Das","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3233\/wor-131694","article-title":"Gender differences in prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the rice farmers of West Bengal, India","volume":"50","author":"Das","year":"2015","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"2025011317510878300_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0711.1000249","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in farmers of Kanpur-rural, India","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Community Med Health Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref46","first-page":"26","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder among agricultural workers in rural area of Tamil Nadu","volume":"3","author":"Latha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Community Health Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/19338244.2017.1289890","article-title":"Association of risk factors with musculoskeletal disorders in manual-working farmers","volume":"73","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Environ Occup Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.2016-0084","article-title":"Risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in manual harvesting farmers of Rajasthan","volume":"56","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref49","first-page":"635","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in farmers of Ahmednagar District","volume":"2","author":"Murthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Innov Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.IJOEM_55_17","article-title":"Evaluation of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and postural stress of female \u201cJari\u201d workers","volume":"21","author":"Pal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.173992","article-title":"Prevalence, pattern, and factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders among pluckers in a tea plantation in Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"19","author":"Vasanth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref52","first-page":"752","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among sugarcane workers \u2013 a cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Vasave","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Basic Appl Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2018.1458487","article-title":"A systematic review of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among handicraft workers","volume":"26","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Occup Saf Ergon"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.45.365","article-title":"Prevalence of upper limb Musculoskeletal disorders among brass metal workers in West Bengal, India","volume":"45","author":"Gangopadhyay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ind Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.66890","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorder: an occupational disorder of the goldsmiths in India","volume":"35","author":"Ghosh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.18782\/2320-7051.4046","article-title":"Ergonomic evaluation of work related musculoskeletal disorders and postural stress among bell metal workers of West Bengal, India","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Pure App Biosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.157008","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort among the workers engaged in jewelry manufacturing","volume":"19","author":"Salve","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.123170","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among brick kiln workers in rural southern India","volume":"17","author":"Alex","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-170935","article-title":"A physiological exploration on operational stance and occupational musculoskeletal problem manifestations amongst construction labourers of West Bengal, India","volume":"31","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.2478\/s13382-014-0262-z","article-title":"Assessment of occupational health problems and physiological stress among the brick field workers of West Bengal, India","volume":"27","author":"Das","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Occup Med Environ Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.174270","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders among municipal solid waste workers in India: a cross-sectional risk assessment","volume":"4","author":"Reddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20170746","article-title":"Assessment of risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal disorders among working women","volume":"4","author":"Shettar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"key":"2025011317510878300_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3:668","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20160630","article-title":"Assessment of musculoskeletal disorders by standardized Nordic questionnaire among computer engineering students and teaching staff of Gulbarga city","author":"Iti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011317510878300_ref64","first-page":"2648","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and awareness of physiotherapy management for the above among primary school teachers","volume":"8","author":"Ponmathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/njppp.2018.8.0830218082017","article-title":"Prevalence of the musculoskeletal disorder among school teachers","volume":"8","author":"Vaghela","year":"2018","journal-title":"Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.186243","article-title":"A risk assessment study on work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dentists in Bhopal, India","volume":"27","author":"Batham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011317510878300_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ZC01","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/14041.6126","article-title":"Evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders in dentists and application of DMAIC technique to improve the ergonomics at dental clinics and meta-analysis of literature","volume":"9","author":"Bedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_25_22","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and quality of life among staff nurses in a tertiary care hospital of Bangalore","volume":"26","author":"Chandralekha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5455\/2320-6012.ijrms20130513","article-title":"Work related musculoskeletal disorders among hospital nurses in rural Maharashtra, India: a multi centre survey","volume":"1","author":"Anap","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1177\/0972063416666151","article-title":"Prevalence, pattern and factors associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD) among housekeeping workers in a private tertiary care hospital in Bangalore","volume":"18","author":"Joseph","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Health Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.118387","article-title":"Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal complaints among dentists in India: a national cross-sectional survey","volume":"24","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06457-z","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders among doctors and nursing officers: an occupational hazard of overstrained healthcare delivery system in western Rajasthan, India","volume":"24","author":"Mahajan","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"03","key":"2025011317510878300_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2165-7025.1000207","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Indian nurses: a cross-sectional study","volume":"4","author":"Majumdar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nov Physiother"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-140466","article-title":"Evaluation of the working posture and prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among medical laboratory technicians","volume":"27","author":"Maulik","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil"},{"key":"2025011317510878300_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5038381","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders and perceived work demands among female nurses at a tertiary care hospital in India","volume":"2016","author":"Raithatha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.139327","article-title":"Prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders among physicians, surgeons and dentists: a comparative study","volume":"4","author":"Rambabu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Med Health Sci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdr.ijdr_376_22","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of (work-related) musculoskeletal disorders among dentists\u2014a cross sectional evaluative study","volume":"34","author":"Thacker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.146896","article-title":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among health care professionals: a cross-sectional assessment of risk factors in a tertiary hospital, India","volume":"18","author":"Yasobant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"2025011317510878300_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2015.11.002","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder among computer bank office employees in Punjab (India): a case study","volume":"3","author":"Moom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20150941","article-title":"A cross sectional study on work related musculoskeletal disorders among software professionals","volume":"2","author":"Saleem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Commun Med Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref81","first-page":"63","article-title":"Occupational health problems of call center workers in India: a cross sectional study focusing on gender differences","volume":"1","author":"Subbarayalu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Manag Sci Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025011317510878300_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.5455\/2320-6012.ijrms20150523","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders and associated disabilities among bank workers","volume":"3","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.15406\/mojap.2018.05.00168","article-title":"Perceived work-related psychosocial stress and musculoskeletal disorders complaints among call centre workers in India\u2014a cross sectional study","volume":"5","author":"MAC","year":"2018","journal-title":"MOJ Anat Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.21088\/ijmhs.2347.9981.2115.2","article-title":"Prevalence of various work related musculoskeletal disorders in software professionals","volume":"2","author":"Vinod","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Med Health Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.47799\/pimr.1003.06","article-title":"A cross sectional study among information technology professionals of Vishakhapattanam City to study the prevalence of musculoskeletal work related disorders","volume":"10","author":"Vissamsetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Perspect Med Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-220621","article-title":"Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among professional rickshaw drivers in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India","volume":"76","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/10773525.2018.1507187","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among Indian railway sahayaks","volume":"24","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.99679","article-title":"Identification of awkward postures that cause discomfort to liquid petroleum gas workers in Mumbai, India","volume":"16","author":"Chowdhury Salian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011317510878300_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.01049","article-title":"Assessing musculoskeletal disorders among municipal waste loaders of Mumbai, India","volume":"30","author":"Salve","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Occup Med Environ Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/10773525.2016.1189682","article-title":"Examination of postures and frequency of musculoskeletal disorders among manual workers in Calcutta, India","volume":"22","author":"Sarkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref91","first-page":"241","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors of workers in Indian mining industry: a cross-sectional study","volume":"1","author":"Ahmad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Percept Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3126\/ijosh.v2i2.6596","article-title":"A study on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the coalminers of eastern coalfields of India","volume":"2","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Occup Saf Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025011317510878300_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/hfm.20575","article-title":"Assessment of risk of musculoskeletal disorders among crane operators in a steel plant: a data mining-based analysis","volume":"25","author":"Krishna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Factors Ergon Manuf Serv Ind"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025011317510878300_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e008474","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008474","article-title":"Assessing the impact of waste picking on musculoskeletal disorders among waste pickers in Mumbai, India: a cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011317510878300_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160116","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2016-0116","article-title":"Work related musculoskeletal disorders among adolescent girls and young women employees of textile industries in Tamil Nadu, India\u2014a comparative study","volume":"30","author":"Angeline","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Med Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011317510878300_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1179\/2049396714Y.0000000082","article-title":"Prevalence of low back pain among handloom weavers in West Bengal, India","volume":"20","author":"Durlov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref97","first-page":"1002","article-title":"Work related musculoskeletal disorders among power-loom industry women workers from Solapur City, Maharashtra, India","volume":"5","author":"Kolgiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Eng Technol Sci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.31018\/jans.v7i1.571","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among handloom weavers of Uttarakhand: an ergonomic study","volume":"7","author":"Heena","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Appl Nat Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011317510878300_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.IJOEM_104_18","article-title":"Work related musculoskeletal disorders and postural stress of the women cultivators engaged in uprooting job of rice cultivation","volume":"22","author":"Pal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-172612","article-title":"Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal injuries among south Indian hand screen-printing workers","volume":"58","author":"Shankar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Work (Reading, Mass)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011317510878300_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3126\/ijosh.v13i2.48712","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of occupational injuries among urban construction workers\u2014an observation from eastern India","volume":"13","author":"Sarkar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Occup Saf Health"},{"key":"2025011317510878300_ref102","article-title":"Low back pain and other work-related musculoskeletal disorders and choice of treatment among farmers in a small village of the Maharashtra state in India: A self-reported preliminary study using a simple questionnaire","author":"Panat","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011317510878300_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.31018\/jans.v7i1.571","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among handloom weavers of Uttarakhand: an ergonomic study","volume":"7","author":"Naz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nat. Appl. Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/joccuh\/uiae077\/61215238\/uiae077.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article-pdf\/67\/1\/uiae077\/61215238\/uiae077.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article-pdf\/67\/1\/uiae077\/61215238\/uiae077.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T12:51:28Z","timestamp":1736772688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/joccuh\/uiae077\/7926635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/joccuh\/uiae077","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.31219\/osf.io\/gjrm3","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1348-9585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1348-9585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"article-number":"uiae077"}}