{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T21:35:22Z","timestamp":1792618522816,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC), which is widely used as an industrial solvent, can be absorbed via the respiratory tract and skin of humans exposed to it. Hepatotoxicity is a main health risk of DMAC exposure in humans, and the relevant cases and epidemiological studies are reviewed herein. No hepatotoxicity was identified in workers exposed to ~3\u00a0ppm DMAC, and among workers exposed to &amp;gt;9\u00a0ppm DMAC the DMAC exposure was not observed to contribute significantly to liver damage. However, a case of liver damage was identified in which the calculated 8-hour weighted average was 12.8\u00a0mg\/m3 (3.6\u00a0ppm). The skin absorption notation for DMAC is indicated based on human volunteer studies. The evidence regarding DMAC\u2019s potential carcinogenicity in humans is not sufficient, and our literature search identified no report of DMAC as a reproductive toxicant in humans. Further case reports and epidemiological studies are necessary to determine the acceptable DMAC exposure limit for workers and thus protect them from DMAC\u2019s toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/joccuh\/uiaf010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T13:47:01Z","timestamp":1741700821000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Health risks of <i>N,N<\/i>-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) in humans"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1702-5242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Nomiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Center for Epidemiologic Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruomi","family":"Tsukahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Epidemiologic Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2482-6520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Center for Epidemiologic Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052712294204800_ref1","first-page":"545","author":"The Chemical Daily Co., 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