{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:07:38Z","timestamp":1753877258267,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":65,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health status of self-employed workers by comparing their status before and during the pandemic, using nationwide data from the Korean Working Conditions Survey.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The final study included 16\u2009620 and 14\u2009342 self-employed participants in the fifth (2017) and sixth (2020-2021) surveys, respectively. Musculoskeletal symptoms, systemic fatigue, headache, and eye strain, as well as mental health status, such as anxiety, depression, and insomnia, were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Gender, age, education level, and income were adjusted for the multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess pre- and peri-pandemic changes in the health status based on working conditions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compared with the pre-pandemic period, all aspects of the health status of self-employed individuals surveyed during the peri-pandemic period showed deterioration. Back pain increased 3.4 times (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.44; 95% CI: 3.15-3.75) compared with the pre-pandemic period, followed by anxiety, which increased 2.1 times (adjusted OR 2.13; 95% CI: 1.79-2.54). For single-person businesses, the overall health status showed statistically significant deterioration, highlighting the heightened vulnerability of these groups during this period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study confirmed that the physical and mental health status of self-employed individuals significantly deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic period compared with the pre-pandemic period. These findings suggest the need for government health protection policies for vulnerable groups, such as self-employed individuals, during future pandemics when social control measures are implemented.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/joccuh\/uiaf017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T14:23:36Z","timestamp":1741357416000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of COVID-19 on health status of self-employed workers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Se-Eun","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul 06591 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8787-7216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangjun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul 06591 ,","place":["South Korea"]},{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health and Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul 06591 ,","place":["South Korea"]},{"name":"Catholic Institute for Public Health and Healthcare Management , Seoul 06591 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025051302511883300_ref1","first-page":"130","volume-title":"World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2021","author":"Berg","year":"2021"},{"volume-title":"Shutdown: Estimating the COVID-19 Employment Shock","year":"2020","author":"Coates","key":"2025051302511883300_ref2"},{"author":"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development","key":"2025051302511883300_ref3"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025051302511883300_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.31389\/lseppr.102","article-title":"Labour market dualisation and social protection 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