{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T19:42:35Z","timestamp":1769802155564,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":302,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: This study aimed to develop a personal exposure measurement method that concurrently determines both the inhalable fraction and vapor concentration of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: A personal sampler, the IFV Pro, equipped with a glass-fiber filter (GFF) and a Chromosorb 106 adsorption tube was used. Postsampling, TBP was extracted or desorbed separately from the GFF and Chromosorb 106 using dichloromethane containing tri-n-amyl phosphate as an internal standard. The solutions obtained were analyzed via gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The evaluation parameters for validating the method included extraction efficiency, desorption efficiency, retention efficiency, storage stability, method quantitation limit, and reproducibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: The extraction efficiency of TBP from the GFF ranged from 97% to 100%, whereas the desorption efficiency from Chromosorb 106 was between 98% and 102%. The retention efficiencies for TBP were 0% (not quantitative, &amp;lt;0.68\u00a0\u03bcg\/sample) to 88% on the GFF, and 7% to 95% on Chromosorb 106, culminating in a total retention efficiency of 95%-98%. Relative SDs, indicative of reproducibility, ranged from 0.8% to 6.9%. Both TBP on the GFF and in the Chromosorb 106 tube maintained stability under refrigeration at 4\u00b0C for at least 7\u00a0days. The method quantitation limit was established at 6.00\u00a0\u03bcg\/sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: A method was established to measure both the inhalable fraction and vapor concentration of TBP across an air concentration range of 0.05 to 10\u00a0mg\/m3. This method is potentially valuable for assessing TBP exposure levels in workers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/joccuh\/uiaf063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T03:10:18Z","timestamp":1761793818000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A method for simultaneously determining both the inhalable fraction and vapor concentration to assess worker exposure to tri-\n                    <i>n<\/i>\n                    -butyl phosphate"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1782-6565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akito","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinki Osaka Safety and Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association , 2-3-8 Tosabori, Nishi-Ku, Osaka 550-0001 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Occupational Health Research and Development Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association , 5-35-2 Shiba, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 108-0014 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6525-7709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ai","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinki Osaka Safety and Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association , 2-3-8 Tosabori, Nishi-Ku, Osaka 550-0001 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , 1-1-20 Daiko-minami, Higashi-Ku, Nagoya 461-8673 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1970-6694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomiko","family":"Tashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinki Osaka Safety and Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association , 2-3-8 Tosabori, Nishi-Ku, Osaka 550-0001 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maika","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinki Osaka Safety and Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association , 2-3-8 Tosabori, Nishi-Ku, Osaka 550-0001 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuriko","family":"Miyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinki Osaka Safety and Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association , 2-3-8 Tosabori, Nishi-Ku, Osaka 550-0001 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1525-7058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenta","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kanto Regional Safety and Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association , 1st fl, Sigma Bldg, 3-7-12 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0023 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University , 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinobu","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Safety Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinki Osaka Safety and Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association , 2-3-8 Tosabori, Nishi-Ku, Osaka 550-0001 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ginji","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinki Osaka Safety and Health Service Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association , 2-3-8 Tosabori, Nishi-Ku, Osaka 550-0001 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026013000415432800_ref1","volume-title":"Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices","author":"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)","year":"2013","edition":"7th"},{"key":"2026013000415432800_ref2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety","author":"Rosenberger"},{"key":"2026013000415432800_ref3","volume-title":"Initial Risk Assessment Report No. 141, Tri-n-Butyl Phosphate","author":"National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE)","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026013000415432800_ref4","author":"Japanese Law Translation. Industrial Safety and Health Act (Article 57-3)"},{"key":"2026013000415432800_ref5","article-title":"List of MAK and BAT values 2024, Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area, report 60","author":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","year":"2024","journal-title":"DFG"},{"key":"2026013000415432800_ref6","volume-title":"NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods","author":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)","year":"1994","edition":"4th ed."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2026013000415432800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.05.087","article-title":"Determination of airborne trialkyl and triaryl organophosphates originating from hydraulic fluids by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry. Development of methodology for combined aerosol and vapor sampling","volume":"1161","author":"Solbu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"2026013000415432800_ref8","volume-title":"IFV Pro sampler operating instructions","author":"SKC Inc"},{"key":"2026013000415432800_ref9","article-title":"Guidelines for air sampling and analytical method development and evaluation","author":"Eller","year":"1995","journal-title":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)"},{"key":"2026013000415432800_ref10","volume-title":"Validation guidelines for air sampling methods utilizing chromatographic analysis","author":"Eide","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/joccuh\/uiaf063\/65033942\/uiaf063.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article-pdf\/67\/1\/uiaf063\/65033942\/uiaf063.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article-pdf\/67\/1\/uiaf063\/65033942\/uiaf063.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T05:42:01Z","timestamp":1769751721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/joccuh\/uiaf063\/8306161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/joccuh\/uiaf063","relation":{},"ISSN":["1348-9585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1348-9585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"article-number":"uiaf063"}}