{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T10:43:46Z","timestamp":1769597026842,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":377,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objectives: We used real-time dosimetry for the quantitative evaluation of occupational radiation exposure among zoo veterinarians and animal keepers during x-ray procedures to identify key procedural and contextual determinants of exposure variation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed 251 radiographic procedures at multiple zoological facilities in Japan. Occupational exposure was measured in real time with a semiconductor dosimeter that recorded the personal dose equivalent, Hp(10), at 1-second intervals. Procedural variables included professional role, manual restraint, sedation or anesthesia, equipment type, tube voltage (kVp), and tube current\u2013time product (mAs). Between-group comparisons were conducted using nonparametric tests, and multiple linear regression was used to identify the independent predictors of occupational exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: The overall median Hp(10) per procedure was 0.35 (IQR: 0.15-0.99) \u03bcSv. Veterinarians received significantly higher doses than animal keepers (P\u2009=\u2009.006). Elevated Hp(10) values were associated with procedures involving large-bodied carnivores, performed without manual restraint or sedation. Multivariate analysis identified 5 significant predictors\u2014professional role (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212.75), manual restraint (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212.24), tube voltage (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009.43), tube current\u2013time product (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009.11), and large-animal group (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009.34)\u2014explaining 60.4% of the variance (adjusted R2\u2009=\u20090.604).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Despite the overall low exposure levels, some procedures resulted in Hp(10) values exceeding 10\u00a0\u03bcSv. A combination of procedural and contextual factors influenced exposure. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive radiation-protection strategies, including optimized workflows, appropriate use of sedation, and standardized operator protocols, in alignment with international dose-optimization principles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/joccuh\/uiaf064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:17:08Z","timestamp":1762867028000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occupational radiation exposure of zoo veterinarians during x-ray procedures: a real-time dosimetry study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5860-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Nagamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiobiology and Hygiene Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan , 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 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