{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:01:29Z","timestamp":1790427689090,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":243,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"JSPS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(C)24\u00a0K13354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(C)24\u00a0K13354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"JSPS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(A)24H00665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(A)24H00665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the implementation of ionizing-radiation health examinations at occupational health institutions in Japan and examine how these practices are implemented and interpreted within the current legal framework. We also identified operational factors that may influence their contribution to evaluating radiation-related health effects, fitness-for-work judgments, and occupational radiation protection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted from January 28 to February 18, 2025, among member institutions listed in the National Federation of Industrial Health Organization directory. Invitations were mailed to 173 institutions, each designating a respondent knowledgeable about examination implementation. Descriptive results were summarized using item-specific denominators and stratified by annual examination volume.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 90 institutions responded, of which 89 provided ionizing-radiation health examinations. Exposure history was primarily obtained through worker self-report, with limited use of employer documentation or dose records. Lens examinations mainly relied on visual inspection or penlight examination; slit-lamp examination was rare, and retro-illumination imaging was not reported. Skin examinations almost exclusively used unaided visual inspection. Institutions differed in diagnostic classification frameworks and whether personal dose information informed judgment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementation varied across institutions, particularly in exposure assessment and the use of personal dose information in clinical judgment. This heterogeneity may limit not only the interpretability of examination results but also their contribution to evaluating radiation-related health effects, fitness-for-work judgments, and occupational radiation protection. These findings highlight the importance of improving the availability and integration of exposure-related information within existing examination processes, particularly in predominantly low-dose occupational environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/joccuh\/uiag049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:57:32Z","timestamp":1788289052000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Current practice in ionizing-radiation health examinations at occupational health institutions in Japan: a nationwide questionnaire survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5106-7094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroko","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST) , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 263-8555 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Occupational Health Training Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu-city, Fukuoka, 807-8555 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu-city, Fukuoka, 807-8555 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4580-9332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Moritake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST) , 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 263-8555 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref1","volume-title":"Ordinance on prevention of ionizing radiation hazards","author":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref2","volume-title":"Minutes of the 150th Radiation Council Meeting","author":"Nuclear Regulation Authority"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref3","volume-title":"Interim report on future deliberations regarding health examinations for radiation workers","author":"Radiation Council Meeting","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref4","volume-title":"Member Institution Directory","author":"National Federation of Industrial Health Organization"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref5","volume-title":"Total number of health examinations conducted by member institutions","author":"National Federation of Industrial Health Organization"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref6","volume-title":"General Guidebook on Industrial Health. Roudou Eisei no Shiori","author":"Japan Industrial Safety & Health Association","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref7","volume-title":"Summary of the results of the comprehensive quality management survey, fiscal year 2024","author":"National Federation of Industrial Health Organization"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref8","volume-title":"Guidelines on measures employers should take based on health examination results","author":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref9","volume-title":"Health management based on health examination results (notification no. 939, August 19, 1963)","author":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare"},{"issue":"Special issue","key":"2026092608262857500_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7888\/juoeh.35.Suppl1_1","article-title":"History of occupational physicians and the industrial safety and health act","volume":"35","author":"Horie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J UOEH"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092608262857500_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1993.124","article-title":"Analysis of retro-illumination photographs for use in longitudinal studies of cataract","volume":"7","author":"Harris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"2-4","key":"2026092608262857500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2007.10.003","article-title":"The 2007 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP publication 103","volume":"37","author":"International Commission on Radiological Protection","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2026092608262857500_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2012.02.001","article-title":"ICRP statement on tissue reactions\/early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs\u2014threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context. ICRP publication 118","volume":"41","author":"International Commission on Radiological Protection","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann ICRP"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref14","volume-title":"Distribution table of effective dose by industry for fiscal year 2024","author":"Council on Personal Dosimetry Service"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref15","volume-title":"Workers\u2019 Health: Global Plan of Action. Sixtieth World Health Assembly. WHA60.26","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref16","volume-title":"Council Directive 2013\/59\/Euratom of December 5, 2013, laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation","author":"European Union"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref17","volume-title":"The Ionising Radiations Regulations 2017 (SI 2017\/1075)","author":"UK Government"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref18","volume-title":"Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 26 Juin 2019 relatif \u00e0 la surveillance individuelle de l\u2019exposition des travailleurs aux rayonnements ionisants","author":"R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref19","volume-title":"Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 23 Juin 2023 relatif aux modalit\u00e9s d\u2019enregistrement et d\u2019acc\u00e8s au syst\u00e8me d\u2019information et de surveillance de l\u2019exposition aux rayonnements ionisants \u00ab SISERI \u00bb et modifiant l\u2019arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 26 Juin","author":"R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref20","volume-title":"SISERI: Syst\u00e8me d\u2019information de la Surveillance de L\u2019exposition Aux Rayonnements Ionisants","author":"Direction r\u00e9gionale de l\u2019\u00c9conomie de l'Emploi du Travail et des Solidarit\u00e9s"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref21","volume-title":"Occupational Radiation Protection. IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSG-7","author":"International Atomic Energy Agency","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026092608262857500_ref22","volume-title":"Ionizing-radiation health examination report form","author":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare"}],"container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/joccuh\/uiag049\/70895845\/uiag049.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article-pdf\/68\/1\/uiag049\/70895845\/uiag049.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article-pdf\/68\/1\/uiag049\/70895845\/uiag049.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:31:28Z","timestamp":1790425888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/joccuh\/uiag049\/8778742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/joccuh\/uiag049","relation":{},"ISSN":["1348-9585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1348-9585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"uiag049"}}