{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:42:29Z","timestamp":1792680149768,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined whether work during free time was associated with greater exhaustion among workers with high work-time control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Wage employees aged 18\u201364 years in the 2023 (n=22,036) and 2020 (n=23,971) Korean Working Conditions Surveys were analyzed. Four profiles combined work-time control and work during free time. Survey-weighted models estimated differences in a two-item exhaustion score, adjusting for demographic and work factors. The 2023 comparison was primary; the 2020 comparison assessed reproducibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among workers with high control, repeated work during free time (unbounded autonomy) was associated with greater exhaustion than rare or no such work (bounded autonomy) in 2023 (\u03b2=0.36, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.61) and 2020 (\u03b2=0.31, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.59). The interaction with control was not significant in 2023 (P = .600) but was negative in 2020 (P = .008). Sensitivity analyses supported the 2023 association; in 2020, confidence intervals under both weekly-or-more definitions included zero. Unbounded autonomy was also associated with sleep disturbance and work-to-family conflict.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated work during free time was associated with greater exhaustion even among workers with high work-time control. Control did not consistently modify this association across waves. These cross-sectional findings support considering work during free time alongside scheduling flexibility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/joccuh\/uiag067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:16:35Z","timestamp":1792678595000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bounded Autonomy or Unbounded Work? Work-Time Control, Boundary Intrusion, and Exhaustion in the Korean Working Conditions Survey"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Hwanjin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6084-5043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kounseok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University , London, ON ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"container-title":["Journal of Occupational Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/joccuh\/uiag067\/72358209\/uiag067.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/joccuh\/uiag067\/72358209\/uiag067.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:16:35Z","timestamp":1792678595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/joh\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/joccuh\/uiag067\/8979319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/joccuh\/uiag067","relation":{},"ISSN":["1348-9585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1348-9585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"article-number":"uiag067"}}